Swahili
Etymology
Borrowed from Arabic اِتَّهَمَ (ittahama).
Pronunciation
Verb
-tuhumu (infinitive kutuhumu)
- to suspect
- to accuse
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -tuhumu
|
| Positive present
|
-natuhumu
|
| Subjunctive
|
-tuhumu
|
| Negative
|
-tuhumu
|
| Imperative singular
|
tuhumu
|
|
| Infinitives
|
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
tuhumu
|
| Plural
|
tuhumuni
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
hutuhumu
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -lituhumu
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kutuhumu
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -natuhumu)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninatuhumu/natuhumu
|
tunatuhumu
|
| 2nd person
|
unatuhumu
|
mnatuhumu
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anatuhumu
|
wanatuhumu
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -natuhumu
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -tuhumu)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
situhumu
|
hatutuhumu
|
| 2nd person
|
hutuhumu
|
hamtuhumu
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
hatuhumu
|
hawatuhumu
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -tuhumu
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -tatuhumu
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -tatuhumu
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -tuhumu)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nituhumu
|
tutuhumu
|
| 2nd person
|
utuhumu
|
mtuhumu
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
atuhumu
|
watuhumu
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -tuhumu
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -situhumu
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngetuhumu
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singetuhumu
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngalituhumu
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singalituhumu
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -atuhumu)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
natuhumu
|
twatuhumu
|
| 2nd person
|
watuhumu
|
mwatuhumu
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
atuhumu
|
watuhumu
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
watuhumu
|
yatuhumu
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
latuhumu
|
yatuhumu
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
chatuhumu
|
vyatuhumu
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yatuhumu
|
zatuhumu
|
| u(XI)
|
watuhumu
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwatuhumu
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
patuhumu
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwatuhumu
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -metuhumu
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -meshatuhumu
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -jatuhumu
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kituhumu
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -sipotuhumu
|
| Consecutive
|
katuhumu / positive subject concord + -katuhumu
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -katuhumu
|
|
| Object concord (indicative positive)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
-nituhumu
|
-tutuhumu
|
| 2nd person
|
-kutuhumu
|
-watuhumu/-kutuhumuni/-watuhumuni
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
-mtuhumu
|
-watuhumu
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-utuhumu
|
-ituhumu
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lituhumu
|
-yatuhumu
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kituhumu
|
-vituhumu
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-ituhumu
|
-zituhumu
|
| u(XI)
|
-utuhumu
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kutuhumu
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-patuhumu
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-mutuhumu
|
|
| Reflexive
|
-jituhumu
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -tuhumu- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-tuhumuye
|
-tuhumuo
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-tuhumuo
|
-tuhumuyo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-tuhumulo
|
-tuhumuyo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-tuhumucho
|
-tuhumuvyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-tuhumuyo
|
-tuhumuzo
|
| u(XI)
|
-tuhumuo
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-tuhumuko
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-tuhumupo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-tuhumumo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -tuhumu)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yetuhumu
|
-otuhumu
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-otuhumu
|
-yotuhumu
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lotuhumu
|
-yotuhumu
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-chotuhumu
|
-vyotuhumu
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yotuhumu
|
-zotuhumu
|
| u(XI)
|
-otuhumu
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kotuhumu
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-potuhumu
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-motuhumu
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
|
Derived terms
- tuhuma (“suspicion, accusation”)