Swahili
Pronunciation
Verb
-zinda (infinitive kuzinda)
- to be firm, be tough, stay in place
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -zinda
|
| Positive present
|
-nazinda
|
| Subjunctive
|
-zinde
|
| Negative
|
-zindi
|
| Imperative singular
|
zinda
|
|
| Infinitives
|
| Positive
|
kuzinda
|
| Negative
|
kutozinda
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
zinda
|
| Plural
|
zindeni
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
huzinda
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -lizinda
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kuzinda
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -nazinda)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninazinda/nazinda
|
tunazinda
|
| 2nd person
|
unazinda
|
mnazinda
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anazinda
|
wanazinda
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -nazinda
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -zindi)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
sizindi
|
hatuzindi
|
| 2nd person
|
huzindi
|
hamzindi
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
hazindi
|
hawazindi
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -zindi
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -tazinda
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -tazinda
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -zinde)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nizinde
|
tuzinde
|
| 2nd person
|
uzinde
|
mzinde
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
azinde
|
wazinde
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -zinde
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -sizinde
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngezinda
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singezinda
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngalizinda
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singalizinda
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -azinda)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nazinda
|
twazinda
|
| 2nd person
|
wazinda
|
mwazinda
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
azinda
|
wazinda
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
wazinda
|
yazinda
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
lazinda
|
yazinda
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
chazinda
|
vyazinda
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yazinda
|
zazinda
|
| u(XI)
|
wazinda
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwazinda
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
pazinda
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwazinda
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -mezinda
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -meshazinda
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -jazinda
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kizinda
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -sipozinda
|
| Consecutive
|
kazinda / positive subject concord + -kazinda
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -kazinde
|
|
| Object concord (indicative positive)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
-nizinda
|
-tuzinda
|
| 2nd person
|
-kuzinda
|
-wazinda/-kuzindeni/-wazindeni
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
-mzinda
|
-wazinda
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-uzinda
|
-izinda
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lizinda
|
-yazinda
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kizinda
|
-vizinda
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-izinda
|
-zizinda
|
| u(XI)
|
-uzinda
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kuzinda
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-pazinda
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-muzinda
|
|
| Reflexive
|
-jizinda
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -zinda- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-zindaye
|
-zindao
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-zindao
|
-zindayo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-zindalo
|
-zindayo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-zindacho
|
-zindavyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-zindayo
|
-zindazo
|
| u(XI)
|
-zindao
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-zindako
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-zindapo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-zindamo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -zinda)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yezinda
|
-ozinda
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-ozinda
|
-yozinda
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lozinda
|
-yozinda
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-chozinda
|
-vyozinda
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yozinda
|
-zozinda
|
| u(XI)
|
-ozinda
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kozinda
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-pozinda
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-mozinda
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
|
Derived terms
- Verbal derivations:
- Conversive: -zindua
- Stative: -zindika