偽

偽 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+9, 11 strokes, cangjie input 人戈大火 (OIKF), four-corner 2222₇, composition ⿰亻為)

• 𠼮

• Kangxi Dictionary: not present, would follow page 112, character 7
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 927
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 195, character 4
• Unihan data for U+507D

Simplified from 僞 (爲 → 為). Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ŋʷrals): semantic 亻 (“man”) + phonetic 為 (OC *ɢʷal, *ɢʷals, “to make”), originally “artificial”.

Often thought to be derived from 為 (OC *ɢʷal, “to act as”) (Karlgren, 1956; Wang, 1982; Baxter and Sagart, 2014).

Alternatively, it may be cognate to 訛 (OC *ŋʷaːl, “erroneous”) (Schuessler, 2007); this may be compared to Tibetan རྔོད (rngod, “to deceive”), though the -d in Tibetan is unexplained (Gong, 1995; Schuessler, 2007; Hill, 2014).

Jacques (2022, 2023) seems to attempt to unify the two etymologies above. He argues the Middle Chinese initial ng- in both 偽 (MC ngjweH) and 訛 (MC ngwa) come from a middle voice/intransitivizing prefix *ŋ-. 偽, reconstructed as *ŋ-waj-s, would be derived from 為 (OC waj) as the root.

偽

1. false; counterfeit; bogus; fake; pseudo-; artificial

   虛偽／虚伪  ―  xūwěi  ―  hypocritical; hypocrisy

   偽造／伪造  ―  wěizào  ―  to forge; to counterfeit

   偽鈔／伪钞  ―  wěichāo  ―  counterfeit banknote

   偽麻黃鹼／伪麻黄碱  ―  wěimáhuángjiǎn  ―  pseudoephedrine

   • 人之性惡，其善者偽也。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, trad.]
     人之性恶，其善者伪也。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, simp.]

     From: Xunzi, c. 3^rd century BCE

     Rén zhī xìng è, qí shàn zhě wěi yě. [Pinyin]

     Man's nature is bad; his goodness is artificial.

2. falsehood; untruthfulness
3. illegal; illegitimate

   偽政權／伪政权  ―  wěizhèngquán  ―  puppet government

   偽滿洲國／伪满洲国  ―  Wěi-Mǎnzhōuguó  ―  Manchukuo

   偽北京大學／伪北京大学  ―  Wěi Běijīng Dàxué  ―  the Peking University under the control of Chinese puppet state of the Empire of Japan

• “偽”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

(Jōyō kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 僞)

1. falsehood, lie
2. fake, forgery

• Go-on: が (ga)^{←ぐわ (gwa, historical)}、ぎ (gi, Jōyō)^{←ぎ (gi, historical)←ぐゐ (gwi, ancient)}
• Kan-on: が (ga)^{←ぐわ (gwa, historical)}、ぎ (gi, Jōyō)^{←ぎ (gi, historical)←ぐゐ (gwi, ancient)}
• Kan’yō-on: か (ka)^{←くわ (kwa, historical)}
• Kun: いつわり (itsuwari, 偽り)^{←いつはり (itufari, 偽り, historical)}、いつわる (itsuwaru, 偽る, Jōyō)^{←いつはる (itufaru, 偽る, historical)}、にせ (nise, 偽, Jōyō)

/ŋui/ → /ɡwi/ → /ɡi/

From Middle Chinese 僞 (MC ngjweH).

• (Tokyo) ぎ [gíꜜ] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]
• IPA^(key): [ɡʲi]

偽(ぎ) • (gi) 

1. a falsehood, lie

   Synonym: 偽り (itsuwari)

2. (logic) a false statement (usually based without facts)

   Antonyms: 真 (shin), 真理 (shinri)

The 連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb 似(に)せる (niseru, “copy, imitate, forge”).^[2]

• (Tokyo) にせ [nìsé] (Heiban – [0])^[1]
• IPA^(key): [ɲ̟ise̞]

偽(にせ) or 偽(ニセ) • (nise) 

1. a counterfeit, forgery
2. an imitation, replica
3. prefixed to nouns:
   1. counterfeit, forged

      偽(にせ)札(さつ)

      nisesatsu

      counterfeit paper money

   2. fake, false

      偽(にせ)学(がく)生(せい)

      nise-gakusei

      student with a false identity

• This is an example of a word that can be spelled with katakana to convey an informal conversational tone, as ニセ.

偽 (eum 위 (wi))

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

偽: Hán Nôm readings: ngụy/nguỵ

1. alternative form of 僞