僉

See also: 㑒 and 佥

僉	U+50C9, 僉 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-50C9

← 僈
[U+50C8]

CJK Unified Ideographs

僊 →
[U+50CA]

Translingual

Traditional	僉
Shinjitai (extended)	㑒
Simplified	佥

Han character

僉 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+11, 13 strokes, cangjie input 人一口人 (OMRO), four-corner 8088₆, composition ⿳亼吅从)

Derived characters

儉, 噞, 嬐, 嶮, 憸, 撿, 澰, 獫, 險, 𪜇, 檢, 殮, 㷿, 臉, 瞼, 礆, 襝, 䌞, 羷, 譣, 𧸘, 醶, 鐱, 䩎, 𩏩, 驗, 䲓, 鹼, 䶨
𠑲, 劎, 劍, 劒, 劔, 斂, 歛, 顩
薟, 簽, 𩅼, 厱, 㢛, 㿌, 匳, 𨘰

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 115, character 27
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1054
Dae Jaweon: page 246, character 14
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 207, character 3
Unihan data for U+50C9

Chinese

trad.		僉
simp.		佥^*
alternative forms		𠑲𫣛

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 僉
Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Bronze inscriptions b08004 b08005 b08006 Small seal script s03765 Transcribed ancient scripts L33937 L33938 L12950
References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series () (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
厱	raːm, kʰreːm, *kʰlam
歛	*qʰlaːm
臉	ɡ·reːmʔ, skʰlam, *kramʔ
醶	ɡr·reːmʔ, skʰraːmʔ
鹼	kreːmʔ, skʰlam
薟	ɡ·ram, ɡ·ramʔ, *qʰram
匳	*ɡ·ram
獫	ɡ·ram, ɡ·ramʔ, ɡ·rams, qʰramʔ
蘞	ɡ·ram, ɡ·ramʔ, *qʰlam
籢	*ɡ·ram
斂	ɡ·ramʔ, ɡ·rams
瀲	ɡ·ramʔ, ɡ·rams
撿	ɡ·ramʔ, kramʔ
羷	*ɡ·ramʔ
殮	*ɡ·rams
簽	*skʰlam
僉	*skʰlam
憸	skʰlam, skʰlamʔ, sqʰlam, qʰramʔ
譣	skʰlam, qʰramʔ
檢	*kramʔ
瞼	*kramʔ
儉	*ɡramʔ
顩	ŋramʔ, rlɯmʔ, *kʰrɯmʔ
嬐	*ŋramʔ
嶮	ŋramʔ, hŋramʔ
噞	ŋramʔ, ŋrams
驗	*ŋrams
險	*qʰramʔ
劒	*kams
劍	*kams
𩏩	*qʰam

Originally, Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 亼 + 兄 written twice. It originally indicates people answering to a call together or saying the same thing unanimously.

Since the Small Seal script version, the whole character is stylized as Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 亼 + 吅 + 从.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): qiān (qian¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄢ
Cantonese (Jyutping): cim¹
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chhiam

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: qiān
  - Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄢ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: cian
  - Wade–Giles: chʻien¹
  - Yale: chyān
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chian
  - Palladius: цянь (cjanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: cim¹
  - Yale: chīm
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsim¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: qim¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰiːm⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiam
  - Tâi-lô: tshiam
  - Phofsit Daibuun: chiafm
  - IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰiam⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰiam³³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰiam⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰiam⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰiam⁴⁴/

Middle Chinese: tshjem

Rime
Character	僉
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	清 (14)
Final (韻)	鹽 (153)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	七廉切
Baxter	tshjem
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡sʰiᴇm/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡sʰiɛm/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡sʰjæm/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡sʰiam/
Li Rong	/t͡sʰiɛm/
Wang Li	/t͡sʰĭɛm/
Bernhard Karlgren	/t͡sʰi̯ɛm/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	qiān
Expected Cantonese Reflex	cim¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*s.qʰ[a]m/

(Zhengzhang): /*skʰlam/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	僉
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	qiān
Middle Chinese	‹ tshjem ›
Old Chinese	/s.qʰ[a]m/ (dialect: s.qʰ > MC tsh-)
English	all; many
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	僉
Reading #	1/1
No.	10202
Phonetic component
Rime group	談
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	籤
Old Chinese	/*skʰlam/

Definitions

僉

(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) all; together; unanimous

Compounds

僉事 / 佥事
僉同 / 佥同
僉押 / 佥押
僉望 / 佥望
僉謀 / 佥谋
僉議 / 佥议
打僉 / 打佥

Japanese

Shinjitai (extended)	㑒
Print standard	僉

Kanji

僉

(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 㑒)

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Readings

Go-on: せん (sen)
Kan-on: せん (sen)
Kun: みな (mina, 僉)、ことごとく (kotogotoku)、ともに (tomoni)
Nanori: みな (mina)

Korean

Hanja

僉 • (cheom) (hangeul 첨, revised cheom, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏm, Yale chem)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

僉: Hán Nôm readings: thiêm

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References

Nom Foundation