鹼

See also: 硷, 碱, 鹸, 礆, and 𫠗
鹼 U+9E7C, 鹼
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9E7C
← 鹻
[U+9E7B] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 鹽 →
[U+9E7D]

Translingual

Traditional 鹼
Shinjitai
(extended) 		鹸
Simplified 碱

Han character

鹼 (Kangxi radical 197, 鹵+13, 24 strokes, cangjie input 卜田人一人 (YWOMO), four-corner 28686, composition ⿰鹵僉)

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1508, character 4
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 47576
  • Dae Jaweon: page 2036, character 5
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4611, character 21
  • Unihan data for U+9E7C

Chinese

trad. 鹼
simp. 碱
alternative forms 堿
鹻
礆／硷
𠑲

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 鹼
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (僉) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
厱 *raːm, *kʰreːm, *kʰlam
歛 *qʰlaːm
臉 *ɡ·reːmʔ, *skʰlam, *kramʔ
醶 *ɡr·reːmʔ, *skʰraːmʔ
鹼 *kreːmʔ, *skʰlam
薟 *ɡ·ram, *ɡ·ramʔ, *qʰram
匳 *ɡ·ram
獫 *ɡ·ram, *ɡ·ramʔ, *ɡ·rams, *qʰramʔ
蘞 *ɡ·ram, *ɡ·ramʔ, *qʰlam
籢 *ɡ·ram
斂 *ɡ·ramʔ, *ɡ·rams
瀲 *ɡ·ramʔ, *ɡ·rams
撿 *ɡ·ramʔ, *kramʔ
羷 *ɡ·ramʔ
殮 *ɡ·rams
簽 *skʰlam
僉 *skʰlam
憸 *skʰlam, *skʰlamʔ, *sqʰlam, *qʰramʔ
譣 *skʰlam, *qʰramʔ
檢 *kramʔ
瞼 *kramʔ
儉 *ɡramʔ
顩 *ŋramʔ, *rlɯmʔ, *kʰrɯmʔ
嬐 *ŋramʔ
嶮 *ŋramʔ, *hŋramʔ
噞 *ŋramʔ, *ŋrams
驗 *ŋrams
險 *qʰramʔ
劒 *kams
劍 *kams
𩏩 *qʰam

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kreːmʔ, *skʰlam): semantic 鹵 + phonetic 僉 (OC *skʰlam).

Pronunciation

Note:
  • kiám - literary;
  • kiⁿ - vernacular (俗).
  • Wu
    • (Northern: Shanghai)
      • Wugniu: 5ke; 5ci
      • MiniDict: ke去; ci去
      • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): 2ke; 2ji
      • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ke³⁴/, /t͡ɕi³⁴/
Rime
Character 鹼 鹼
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial (聲) 清 (14) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 鹽 (153) 咸 (151)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) III II
Fanqie 七廉切 古斬切
Baxter tshjem keamX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/t͡sʰiᴇm/ /kˠɛmX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/t͡sʰiɛm/ /kᵚæmX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/t͡sʰjæm/ /kɐmX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/t͡sʰiam/ /kəɨmX/
Li
Rong 		/t͡sʰiɛm/ /kɐmX/
Wang
Li 		/t͡sʰĭɛm/ /kɐmX/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/t͡sʰi̯ɛm/ /kămX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		qiān jiǎn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		cim1 gaam2
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 鹼 鹼
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 10182 10204
Phonetic
component 		僉 僉
Rime
group 		談 談
Rime
subdivision 		2 1
Corresponding
MC rime 		籤
Old
Chinese 		/*kreːmʔ/ /*skʰlam/

Definitions

鹼

  1. sodium carbonate
  2. (chemistry) (soluble) alkali
    Antonym: 酸 (suān)
  3. (chemistry, chiefly Mainland China) base (soluble or not)
  4. (dialectal) soap
    alt. forms: 梘 / 枧 (jiǎn) (Cantonese)

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 肥皂 (“soap”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 皂
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 肥皂
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 肥皂, 胰子
Taiwan 肥皂
Langfang 胰子
Chengde 肥皂
Chifeng 肥皂
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 肥皂
Heihe 肥皂
Qiqihar 肥皂
Harbin 胰子, 大胰子, 肥皂
Jiamusi 肥皂
Baicheng 肥皂
Changchun 胰子
Tonghua 肥皂, 胰子
Shenyang 肥皂, 胰子, 黃胰子, 洗衣裳胰子
Jinzhou 肥皂, 胰子
Malaysia 肥皂
Singapore 肥皂
Jilu Mandarin Tianjin 胰子
Tangshan 肥皂, 胰子
Cangzhou 肥皂, 胰子
Baoding 肥皂, 胰子
Shijiazhuang 肥皂, 胰子
Lijin 肥皂
Jinan 肥皂, 胰子
Jiaoliao Mandarin Dalian 胰子
Dandong 肥皂, 洗衣裳胰子
Yantai 胰子
Yantai (Muping) 胰子
Qingdao 肥皂, 胰子
Zhucheng 肥皂, 胰子
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 胰子, 洋鹼
Lingbao 肥皂, 洋鹼
Jining 肥皂, 胰子
Daming 胰子
Wanrong 洋鹼
Linfen 臭胰子
Shangqiu 肥皂, 洋鹼
Yuanyang 肥皂, 洋鹼
Zhengzhou 肥皂, 胰子, 洋鹼
Xinyang 肥皂, 胰子
Baihe 肥皂, 洋鹼
Xi'an 肥皂, 洋鹼
Baoji 肥皂, 洋鹼
Tianshui 肥皂, 洋鹼
Xining 胰子, 肥皂
Xuzhou 肥皂, 胰子, 粗胰子
Pizhou 洋胰子
Lianyungang (Ganyu) 肥子, 胰子
Donghai 洋鹼
Fuyang 肥皂, 胰子
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 胰子
Masanchin (Shaanxi Dungan) 胰子
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 洋胰子, 肥皂
Lanzhou 肥皂, 胰子
Dunhuang 肥皂, 胰子
Hami 肥皂
Ürümqi 肥皂, 胰子
Jimsar 胰子
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 洋鹼, 肥皂
Nanchong 肥皂
Dazhou 肥皂, 洋鹼
Hanyuan 肥皂, 洋鹼
Xichang 肥皂
Zigong 肥皂, 洋鹼
Chongqing 肥皂, 洋鹼
Wuhan 肥皂
Yichang 肥皂
Xiangyang 肥皂, 洋胰子
Tianmen 肥皂, 洋鹼
Guiyang 洋鹼, 肥皂, 胰子
Zunyi 肥皂
Bijie 肥皂
Liping 肥皂
Zhaotong 洋鹼
Dali 洋鹼
Kunming 肥皂, 洋鹼, 胰子
Mengzi 肥皂, 洋鹼
Guilin 肥皂, 洋鹼
Pingle 肥皂
Liuzhou 肥皂, 洋鹼, 鹼
Luzhai 肥皂
Nanning (Wuming) 肥皂
Hechi (Yizhou) 肥皂, 洋鹼
Jishou 肥皂, 洋鹼
Changde 肥皂, 洋鹼
Hanzhong 肥皂
Dagudi (Maliba) 草飆
Reshuitang (Longling) 草飆
Mae Salong (Lancang) 草飆
Mae Sai (Tengchong) 肥皂
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 洋胰子, 肥皂
Yangzhou 洋胰子, 肥皂
Baoying 胰子
Taizhou 洋鹼
Zhenjiang 洋胰子
Lianyungang 肥皂, 洋鹼, 胰子
Huai'an (Huaiyin) 胰皂
Lianshui 肥皂, 胰子, 洋鹼
Xuyi 胰子, 洋胰子, 洋鹼
Nantong 洋鹼
Rugao 洋鹼
Yancheng 洋鹼
Funing 洋鹼
Sihong 胰子
Anqing 肥皂
Wuhu 肥皂
Hefei 肥皂, 洋胰子
Hong'an 肥皂, 臭肥皂, 鹼
Cantonese Guangzhou 番鹼, 鹼
Hong Kong 番鹼, 鹼
Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) 番鹼
Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) 番鹼
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 番鹼
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 番鹼
Macau 番鹼
Guangzhou (Panyu) 番鹼
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 番鹼
Guangzhou (Conghua) 番鹼
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 番鹼
Foshan 番鹼
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 番鹼
Foshan (Shunde) 番鹼
Foshan (Sanshui) 番鹼
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 番鹼
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 番鹼
Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) 番鹼
Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) 番鹼
Zhuhai (Doumen) 番鹼
Jiangmen (Baisha) 番鹼
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 番鹼
Taishan 番鹼
Kaiping (Chikan) 番鹼
Enping (Niujiang) 番鹼
Heshan (Yayao) 番鹼
Dongguan 番鹼
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 番鹼
Shenzhen (Dapeng) 番鹼
Qingyuan 番鹼
Fogang 番鹼
Yingde (Hanguang) 番鹼
Yangshan 番鹼
Lianshan (Butian) 鹼
Lianzhou (Qingshui; Sihui) 番鹼
Shaoguan 番鹼
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 番鹼
Renhua 番鹼
Lechang 番鹼
Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) 鹼
Sihui 番鹼
Guangning 番鹼
Deqing 番鹼
Huaiji 番鹼
Fengkai (Nanfeng) 洋鹼
Yunfu 番鹼
Xinxing 番鹼
Luoding 番鹼
Yunan (Pingtai) 鹼
Yangjiang 番鹼, 鹼
Xinyi 番鹼
Lianjiang 番鹼
Nanning 鹼
Wuzhou 鹼
Yulin 鹼
Hepu (Lianzhou) 鹼
Hepu (Shatian) 番鹼
Guiping 鹼
Mengshan (Xihe) 鹼
Guigang (Nanjiang) 鹼
Beiliu (Tangliao) 鹼
Baise 鹼
Bobai 鹼
Lingshan 鹼
Pubei 鹼
Qinzhou 洋鹼
Qinzhou (Xiniujiao) 鹼
Beihai 洋鹼, 鹼
Beihai (Nankang) 番鹼
Beihai (Yingpan) 鹼
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 番鹼
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 番鹼
Ningming 洋鹼
Hengzhou 鹼
Hezhou (Pumen, Babu) 鹼
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 鹼
Danzhou 鹼
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 番鹼
Singapore (Guangfu) 番鹼
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 番鹼
Móng Cái 鹼
Yangon (Taishan) 番鹼
Bangkok (Guangfu) 番鹼
Betong (Rongxian) 番鹼
Gan Nanchang 肥皂, 洋鹼
Lichuan 鹼
Pingxiang 肥皂, 洋鹼
Hakka Meixian 番鹼
Xingning 番鹼
Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) 番鹼
Huizhou (Shuikou; Bendihua) 番鹼
Huizhou (Hengli; Bendihua) 番鹼
Huidong (Pingshan; Bendihua) 番鹼
Huidong (Daling) 番鹼
Dongguan (Qingxi) 番鹼
Longmen (Pingling; Bendihua) 番鹼
Longmen (Luxi; Bendihua) 番鹼
Boluo (Bendihua) 番鹼
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 番鹼
Guangzhou (Zhengguo, Zengcheng) 番鹼
Zhongshan (Wuguishan) 番鹼
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 番鹼
Wuhua (Huacheng) 番鹼
Heyuan (Bendihua) 番鹼, 鹼
Zijin (Guzhu; Bendihua) 番鹼
Longchuan (Tuocheng; Bendihua) 番鹼
Longchuan (Sidu; Bendihua) 番鹼
Heping (Linzhai; Bendihua) 番鹼
Lianping (Zhongxin; Bendihua) 番鹼
Lianping (Longjie; Bendihua) 番鹼
Wengyuan 番鹼
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 鹼
Xinfeng (Matou; Bendihua) 番鹼
Xinfeng (Daxi; Bendihua) 番鹼
Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 番鹼
Liannan 番鹼
Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) 番鹼
Jiexi 番鹼
Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) 番子蠟
Changting 胰子
Longyan (Xiayang, Yongding) 番鹼, 色文
Wuping 洋膏, 番鹼
Wuping (Yanqian) 番鹼
Wuping (Pingyu) 番鹼
Liancheng 洋鹼
Ninghua 胰子
Yudu 胰子, 洋鹼
Ningdu 鬼子膏
Ruijin 胰子
Shicheng 肥皂
Shangyou (Shexi) 洋鹼
Tonggu (Sandu) 洋鹼
Ganzhou (Panlong) 胰子
Dayu 洋鹼
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 茶箍, 石鹼
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 茶箍, 番鹼, 石鹼
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 茶箍, 石鹼
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 茶箍, 石鹼
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 茶箍, 石鹼
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 茶箍, 石鹼
Hong Kong 番鹼
Yangxi (Tangkou) 鹼
Yangchun (Sanjia) 鹼
Xinyi (Sihe) 鹼
Xinyi (Qianpai) 番鹼
Gaozhou (Xindong) 番鹼
Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai) 番鹼
Huazhou (Xin'an) 洗衫鹼
Lianjiang (Shijiao) 肥鹼
Lianjiang (Qingping) 鹼
Mengshan (Xihe) 洋鹼
Luchuan 洋鹼
Luchuan (Daqiao) 肥皂
Beiliu (Tang'an) 鹼
Mashan (Pianlian) 洋鹼
Pingle (Tong'an) 洋鹼
Yangshuo (Jinbao) 洋鹼, 肥皂
Sabah (Longchuan) 番鹼
Senai (Huiyang) 番鹼
Senai (Hepo) 番鹼
Singkawang 雪文
Singapore (Meixian) 番鹼
Singapore (Dabu) 番鹼
Bangkok (Meixian) 番鹼, 茶箍
Bangkok (Fengshun) 餅藥
Bangkok (Jiexi) 餅藥, 雪文
Huizhou Jixi 肥皂, 肥珠, 洋肥皂, 洋肥珠
Shexian 肥皂, 肥珠
Huangshan (Tunxi) 肥皂
Xiuning 洋肥皂, 肥皂
Yixian 肥皂, 肥珠
Qimen 肥皂
Wuyuan 肥皂, 肥珠
Fuliang 洋肥珠
Dexing 洋鹼
Jin Taiyuan 胰子, 洋胰子, 肥皂
Pingyao 胰子
Yangyuan 肥皂, 胰子
Datong 胰子
Xinzhou 胰子, 洗衣裳胰子
Lüliang (Lishi) 肥皂, 胰子
Changzhi 胰子
Linhe 肥皂
Jining 肥皂
Hohhot 肥皂
Erenhot 肥皂
Pingshan 胰子
Zhangjiakou 肥皂, 胰子
Handan 肥皂, 洗衣裳胰子
Linzhou 肥皂
Suide 肥皂, 洋鹼
Northern Min Jian'ou 胰仔
Jian'ou (Dikou) 胰仔
Songxi 番仔鹼
Zhenghe 胰仔
Zhenghe (Zhenqian) 胰仔
Jianyang 鬼仔鹼
Wuyishan 番鬼鹼
Pucheng (Shibei) 鬼仔蠟
Eastern Min Fuzhou 胰皂
Fuzhou (Changle) 胰皂
Fuqing 胰皂
Pingtan 胰皂
Yongtai 胰皂
Gutian 胰皂
Fu'an 胰皂
Ningde 胰皂
Shouning 胰皂
Zhouning 胰皂
Fuding 蠟
Matsu 胰皂
Southern Min Xiamen 雪文, 油胰
Xiamen (Tong'an) 雪文
Quanzhou 雪文, 胰
Jinjiang 雪文
Nan'an 雪文
Shishi 雪文
Hui'an 雪文
Anxi 雪文
Yongchun 雪文, 鹼
Dehua 雪文
Zhangzhou 雪文
Zhangzhou (Longhai) 雪文
Zhangzhou (Changtai) 雪文
Hua'an 鹼
Nanjing 雪文, 番仔蠟
Pinghe 雪文, 番仔蠟
Zhangpu 雪文, 番仔蠟
Yunxiao 蠟, 番仔蠟
Zhao'an 番仔蠟
Dongshan 番仔蠟
Taipei 雪文
New Taipei (Sanxia) 雪文
Kaohsiung 雪文
Yilan 雪文
Changhua (Lukang) 雪文, 茶箍
Taichung 茶箍
Taichung (Wuqi) 茶箍
Tainan 雪文
Taitung 茶箍
Hsinchu 茶箍, 雪文
Kinmen 油胰, 雪文, 茶箍
Penghu (Magong) 雪文
Penang (Hokkien) 雪文
Singapore (Hokkien) 雪文
Manila (Hokkien) 雪文
Longyan 番仔鹼
Zhangping 番仔鹼, 鹼
Zhangping (Yongfu) 蠟, 洗衫蠟
Datian 蠟
Pingnan (Shangdu) 鹼
Chaozhou 餅藥
Shantou 餅藥
Shantou (Chenghai) 餅藥
Shantou (Chaoyang) 餅藥
Jieyang 餅藥
Lufeng 番鹼
Haifeng 番仔鹼
Bangkok (Teochew) 餅藥, 雪文
Chiang Mai (Teochew) 餅藥, 雪文
Hat Yai (Teochew) 雪文
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 雪文
Singapore (Teochew) 雪文
Batam (Teochew) 雪文
Pontianak (Teochew) 雪文
Leizhou 鹼, 番鬼鹼
Wenchang 差文, 肥皂
Haikou 番鬼鹼, 油糠, 番鬼油糠
Qionghai 差文
Singapore (Hainanese) 差文
Puxian Min Putian 胰皂, 胰蠟
Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang) 胰蠟
Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu) 胰蠟
Xianyou 胰皂, 油皂, 胰蠟, 番囝膫
Xianyou (Fengting) 胰蠟
Xianyou (Youyang) 胰蠟
Fuding (Aoyao) 蠟
Central Min Yong'an 番仔蠟
Sanming (Sanyuan) 番仔蠟
Sanming (Shaxian) 洋鹼
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 番鹼
Zhongshan (Sanxiang) 番鹼
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 鹼, 洋鹼, 洗衫鹼
Nanning (Xinxu) 洋鹼
Northern Pinghua Guilin (Dahe) 肥皂, 洋鹼
Lingchuan (Sanjie) 洋鹼
Waxiang Yuanling (Shaojiwan) 洋鹼
Wu Shanghai 肥皂
Shanghai (Chongming) 肥皂
Suzhou 肥皂
Wuxi 肥皂
Changshu 肥皂
Nantong (Haimen) 肥皂, 洋鹼
Changzhou 肥皂
Danyang 洋鹼, 肥皂, 洋礬
Nanjing (Gaochun) 肥皂
Hangzhou 肥皂, 洋肥皂
Ningbo 肥皂
Wenzhou 洋皂, 油皂, 番皂
Jinhua 肥皂, 洋肥皂
Jinhua (Tangxi) 洋肥皂
Xiang Changsha 肥皂, 胰子油 dated
Loudi 肥皂, 洋鹼
Shuangfeng 肥皂, 洋鹼
Hengyang 肥皂, 胰子油
Quanzhou 洋鹼
Xiangnan Tuhua Jiangyong 洋鹼

Compounds

References

Japanese

Shinjitai
(extended)

鹸

Print
standard

鹼

Kanji

鹼

(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 鹸)

  1. (chemistry) base, alkali

Readings

Definitions

For pronunciation and definitions of 鹼 – see the following entry.
【鹸】H
[kanji] hyōgai kanji
[kanji] (chemistry) base, alkali
Kanji reading:
あく, しおけ
(This term, 鹼, is the kyūjitai of the above term.)

Vietnamese

Han character

鹼: Hán Nôm readings: kiềm

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