冀

冀	U+5180, 冀 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5180

← 兿
[U+517F]

CJK Unified Ideographs

冁 →
[U+5181]

冀	U+FA75, 冀 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA75

← 充
[U+FA74]

CJK Compatibility Ideographs

勇 →
[U+FA76]

Translingual

Han character

冀 (Kangxi radical 12, 八+14, 16 strokes, cangjie input 中心田廿金 (LPWTC), four-corner 1180₁, composition ⿱北異)

Derived characters

懻, 𱩿, 𪴗, 𥜥, 𭿮, 䆊, 䙫, 𮣪, 驥, 骥, 𬵷, 𲎎, 𧃞, 𢋸, 𨷨

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 128, character 24
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1500
Dae Jaweon: page 289, character 3
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 253, character 8
Unihan data for U+5180

Unihan data for U+FA75

Chinese

丠／⿱北共 - 1977/1981
trad.		冀
simp. ^#		冀
2nd round simp.		丠／⿱北共

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 冀
Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Bronze inscriptions b12627 b12628 Small seal script s05950 Transcribed ancient scripts L20221 L20222 L20223 L20224 L20225 L35864 L35865 L20215 L20216 L20217 L20218 L20219 L20220
References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series () (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
冀	*krɯls
驥	*krɯls
懻	*krɯls

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *krɯls): semantic 北 + phonetic 異 (OC *lɯɡs).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jì (ji⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): kei³
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): ki

(Hailu, HRS): gi^ˇ
Eastern Min (BUC): gé
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): gi⁴
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): kì

(Teochew, Peng'im): gi⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jì
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jì
  - Wade–Giles: chi⁴
  - Yale: jì
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jih
  - Palladius: цзи (czi)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: kei³
  - Yale: kei
  - Cantonese Pinyin: kei³
  - Guangdong Romanization: kéi³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰei̯³³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ki
  - Hakka Romanization System: gi
  - Hagfa Pinyim: gi⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /ki⁵⁵/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: gi^ˇ
  - Sinological IPA: /ki¹¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: gé
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɛi²¹³/
Puxian Min
- (Putian, Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: gi⁴
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: gi̍
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ki⁴²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kì
  - Tâi-lô: kì
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kix
  - IPA (Xiamen): /ki²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ki⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /ki²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /ki¹¹/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ki²¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: gi⁶
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kĭ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ki³⁵/

Middle Chinese: kijH

Rime
Character	冀
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	脂 (17)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	几利切
Baxter	kijH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠiɪ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/kᵚi^H/
Shao Rongfen	/kiɪ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kji^H/
Li Rong	/kji^H/
Wang Li	/ki^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ki^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gei³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]rə[t]-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*krɯls/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	冀
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jì
Middle Chinese	‹ kij^H ›
Old Chinese	/[k]rə[t]-s/ (dial. < [k]rək-s ?)
English	hope
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	冀
Reading #	1/1
No.	5852
Phonetic component
Rime group	微
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime
Old Chinese	/*krɯls/

Definitions

冀

(literary) to look forward to; to hope for; to wish
市民冀減少交通時間 [MSC, trad.]
市民冀减少交通时间 [MSC, simp.]
shìmín jì jiǎnshào jiāotōng shíjiān [Pinyin]
Citizen(s) hope(s) for reduced travel time

議員冀調節經濟援助措施 [MSC, trad.]
议员冀调节经济援助措施 [MSC, simp.]
yìyuán jì diàojié jīngjì yuánzhù cuòshī [Pinyin]
Lawmaker(s) hope(s) for regulating financial aid measures
- 因釋其耒而守株，冀復得兔。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  因释其耒而守株，冀复得兔。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: 3rd century BC, 韓非 (Han Fei), 守株待兔 (“Guarding Tree Stump to Wait For Rabbit”)
  Yīn shì qí lěi ér shǒu zhū, jì fù dé tù. [Pinyin]
  Thereupon [the farmer] laid aside his plow and [took up] watching the stump, hoping that he will get another rabbit [in the same way].
- 君子義則有常，善則有鄰；見其一，冀其二；見其小，冀其大；苟有德焉，亦不求盈於人也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  君子义则有常，善则有邻；见其一，冀其二；见其小，冀其大；苟有德焉，亦不求盈于人也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Western Han, 禮記 (Lǐjì) (Book of Rites), 大戴禮記/曾子立事 (“Da Dai Liji/Zengzi about the correct serving [one's superiors]”)
  Jūnzǐ yì zé yǒu cháng, shàn zé yǒu lín; jiàn qí yī, jì qí èr; jiàn qí xiǎo, jì qí dà; gǒu yǒu dé yān, yì bù qiú yíng yú rén yě. [Pinyin]
  A gentleman's righteousness will bring habit, and his kindness will bring neighborhood; when he sees one, he hopes for two; when he sees small, he hopes for big; even if he has virtue, he does not seek for abundance from others.
Alternative name for 河北 (Héběi, “Hebei, a province of China”).
- 自是，冀之南，漢之陰，無隴斷焉。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  自是，冀之南，汉之阴，无陇断焉。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Warring States, 列禦寇 (Lie Yukou), 列子 (古籍) (Liezi), 列子/湯問篇
  Zìshì, jì zhī nán, hàn zhī yīn, wú lǒng duàn yān. [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
a surname

Compounds

冀北
冀圖 / 冀图
冀州 (Jìzhōu)
冀望 (jìwàng)
冀求
冀馬 / 冀马
可冀
希冀 (xījì)
無冀 / 无冀 (wújì)
非冀
馬空冀北 / 马空冀北

Japanese

Kanji

冀

(Hyōgai kanji)

Readings

Go-on: き (ki)
Kan-on: き (ki)
Kun: こいねがう (koinegau, 冀う)^{←こひねがふ (kofinegafu, 冀ふ, historical)}、こいねがわくは (koinegawakuha, 冀わくは)^{←こひねがはくは (kofinegafakufa, 冀はくは, historical)}

Etymology

Kanji in this term
冀
き Hyōgai
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 冀 (MC kijH).

Affix

冀(き) • (ki)

hope for, look forward to, wish

Derived terms

冀(き)願(がん) (kigan, “wish”)
冀(き)求(きゅう) (kikyū)
冀(き)幸(こう) (kikō)
冀図(きと) (kito)
冀(き)望(ぼう) (kibō)

Proper noun

冀(き) • (Ki)

(historical) short for 冀州 (Kishū): Ji Province
synonym of 河北 (Kahoku): Hebei Province

Derived terms

冀(き)察(さつ)政権(せいけん) (Kisatsu Seiken)
冀(き)察(さつ)政(せい)務(む)委(い)員(いん)会(かい) (Kisatsu Seimu Īnkai)
冀(き)州(しゅう) (Kishū)
冀(き)北(ほく) (Kihoku)
冀(き)東(とう)政権(せいけん) (Kitō Seiken)
冀(き)東(とう)防(ぼう)共(きょう)自(じ)治(ち)政(せい)府(ふ) (Kitō Bōkyō Jichiseifu)

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 冀 (MC kijH).

Hanja

Wikisource

冀 (eumhun 바랄 기 (baral gi))

hanja form^? of 기 (“to hope; to wish”)

Compounds

기도 (冀圖, gido)
기망 (冀望, gimang)
기원 (冀願, giwon)
기주 (冀州, Giju)
요기 (徼冀, yogi)
행기 (幸冀, haenggi)
희기 (希冀, huigi)

References

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

Vietnamese

Han character

冀: Hán Nôm readings: kí

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.