形成

Chinese

		to appear; to look; form to appear; to look; form; shape	finish; complete; accomplish finish; complete; accomplish; become; turn into; win; succeed; one tenth
simp. and trad. (形成)		形	成
anagram		成形

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): xíngchéng

(Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄥˊ ㄔㄥˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): jing⁴ sing⁴
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): hìn-sàng
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): hêng-sêng

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: xíngchéng
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄥˊ ㄔㄥˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: síngchéng
  - Wade–Giles: hsing²-chʻêng²
  - Yale: syíng-chéng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyngcherng
  - Palladius: синчэн (sinčɛn)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕiŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/
  - Homophones:
    [Show/Hide]
    ^edit
    ^edit
    形成
    行程
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: jing⁴ sing⁴
  - Yale: yìhng sìhng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jing⁴ sing⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: ying⁴ xing⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɪŋ²¹ sɪŋ²¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hìn-sàng
  - Hakka Romanization System: hin^ˇ sang^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: hin² sang²
  - Sinological IPA: /hin¹¹ saŋ¹¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hêng-sêng
  - Tâi-lô: hîng-sîng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hengseeng
  - IPA (Xiamen): /hiɪŋ²⁴⁻²² siɪŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /hiɪŋ²⁴⁻²² siɪŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /hiɪŋ¹³⁻²² siɪŋ¹³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /hiɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ siɪŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /hiɪŋ²³⁻³³ siɪŋ²³/

Verb

形⫽成 (verb-complement)

(intransitive) to form (after undergoing many changes); to take shape; to evolve and become (a certain form)
逐漸形成／逐渐形成 ― zhújiàn xíngchéng ― to form gradually

我查了資料，但是都是零零碎碎的，還沒有形成什麼具體的體系。 [MSC, trad.]
我查了资料，但是都是零零碎碎的，还没有形成什么具体的体系。 [MSC, simp.]
Wǒ chá le zīliào, dànshì dōu shì líng líng suì suì de, hái méiyǒu xíngchéng shénme jùtǐ de tǐxì. [Pinyin]
I checked the materials, but they're all in bits and pieces — a concrete system has not been formed yet.
(transitive) to constitute; to represent; to amount to

Synonyms

(to form):

催生 (cuīshēng) (figurative)
出世 (chūshì)
問世 / 问世 (wènshì)
現世 / 现世 (xiànshì)
生成 (shēngchéng)
產生 / 产生 (chǎnshēng)
登臺 / 登台 (dēngtái) (figurative)
行世 (xíngshì) (literary)
誕生 / 诞生 (dànshēng)
長成 / 长成 (zhǎngchéng) (literary)
面世 (miànshì)

Derived terms

形成層 / 形成层 (xíngchéngcéng)
血栓形成 (xuèshuān xíngchéng)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
形	成
けい Grade: 2	せい Grade: 4
on'yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) けーせー [kèéséé] (Heiban – [0])
IPA^(key): [ke̞ːse̞ː]

Noun

形(けい)成(せい) • (keisei)

formation
short for 形成手術

Verb

形(けい)成(せい)する • (keisei suru) suru (stem 形(けい)成(せい)し (keisei shi), past 形(けい)成(せい)した (keisei shita))

form, take form

Conjugation

Conjugation of "形成する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	形成し	けいせいし	keisei shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	形成し	けいせいし	keisei shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	形成する	けいせいする	keisei suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	形成する	けいせいする	keisei suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	形成すれ	けいせいすれ	keisei sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	形成せよ¹ 形成しろ²	けいせいせよ¹ けいせいしろ²	keisei seyo¹ keisei shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	形成される	けいせいされる	keisei sareru
Causative	形成させる形成さす	けいせいさせるけいせいさす	keisei saseru keisei sasu
Potential	形成できる	けいせいできる	keisei dekiru
Volitional	形成しよう	けいせいしよう	keisei shiyō
Negative	形成しない	けいせいしない	keisei shinai
Negative continuative	形成せず	けいせいせず	keisei sezu
Formal	形成します	けいせいします	keisei shimasu
Perfective	形成した	けいせいした	keisei shita
Conjunctive	形成して	けいせいして	keisei shite
Hypothetical conditional	形成すれば	けいせいすれば	keisei sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

Korean

Hanja in this term
形	成

Noun

形成 • (hyeongseong) (hangeul 형성)

hanja form^? of 형성 (“formation”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
形	成

Verb

形成

chữ Hán form of hình thành (“to form”)