犯罪

Chinese

	to violate; to offend	guilt; crime; fault guilt; crime; fault; blame; sin
trad. (犯罪)	犯	罪
simp. ^#(犯罪)	犯	罪
anagram	罪犯

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): fànzuì

(Zhuyin): ㄈㄢˋ ㄗㄨㄟˋ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): fan⁴ zui⁴

(Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): fānzuī

(Nanjing, Nanjing Pinyin): fānzuī

(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): фанзуй (fanzuy, III-III)
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): faan⁶ zeoi⁶

(Dongguan, Jyutping++): feng³ zui³
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): fam-chhui

(Hailu, HRS): fam^˖ cui^˖

(Meixian, Guangdong): fam⁴ cui⁴
Jin (Wiktionary): fan³ zui³
Northern Min (KCR): huāng-cò
Eastern Min (BUC): huâng-cô̤i
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): hang⁵ zuei⁵ / hang⁵ zuai⁵ / hang⁵ zoi⁵
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): hoǎn-chǒe / hoān-chōe

(Teochew, Peng'im): huang⁶ zuê⁶ / huam⁶ zuê⁶
Southern Pinghua (Nanning, Jyutping++): faan⁶ zui⁶
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁶ve-zoe₆; ⁶ve-ze₆ / ⁴vae-dzei₄ / ⁶vaen-dzuei₆
- (Jinhua): ³fa-sae₃
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): fan⁵ zei⁵

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: fànzuì
  - Zhuyin: ㄈㄢˋ ㄗㄨㄟˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: fànzuèi
  - Wade–Giles: fan⁴-tsui⁴
  - Yale: fàn-dzwèi
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fanntzuey
  - Palladius: фаньцзуй (fanʹczuj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fän⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡su̯eɪ̯⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: fan⁴ zui⁴
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: fanzui
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fan²¹³ t͡suei²¹³/
- (Xi'an)
  - Guanzhong Pinyin: fānzuī
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fã⁵⁵ t͡suei⁵⁵/
- (Nanjing)
  - Nanjing Pinyin: fānzuī
  - Nanjing Pinyin (numbered): fan⁴ zui⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fã⁴⁴ t͡suəi⁴⁴/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: фанзуй (fanzuy, III-III)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fæ̃⁴⁴ t͡suei⁴⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: faan⁶ zeoi⁶
  - Yale: faahn jeuih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: faan⁶ dzoey⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: fan⁶ zêu⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /faːn²² t͡sɵy̯²²/
- (Dongguan, Guancheng)
  - Jyutping++: feng³ zui³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fɛŋ³² t͡sui³²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fam-chhui
  - Hakka Romanization System: fam cui
  - Hagfa Pinyim: fam⁴ cui⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /fam⁵⁵ t͡sʰu̯i⁵⁵/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: fam^˖ cui^˖
  - Sinological IPA: /fam³³ t͡sʰui³³/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: fam⁴ cui⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /fam⁵³⁻⁵⁵ t͡sʰuɪ⁵³/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: fan³ zui³
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /fæ̃⁴⁵ t͡suei⁴⁵/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: huāng-cò
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xuaŋ⁵⁵ t͡so⁴²/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: huâng-cô̤i
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /huaŋ²⁴²⁻⁵³ ^(t͡s-)ʒɔy²⁴²/
Puxian Min
- (Putian, Nanri)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: hang⁵ zuei⁵ [Phonetic: hang⁴ zuei⁵]
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: hāng-cōi
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /haŋ¹¹⁻⁴² t͡suei¹¹/
- (Xianyou, Fengting)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: hang⁵ zuei⁵ [Phonetic: hang⁴ zuei⁵]
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /haŋ²¹⁻⁴² t͡suei²¹/
- (Jiangkou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: hang⁵ zuai⁵ [Phonetic: hang⁴ zuai⁵]
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /haŋ¹¹⁻⁴² t͡suɐi¹¹/
- (Youyang)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: hang⁵ zoi⁵ [Phonetic: hang⁴ zoi⁵]
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /haŋ²¹⁻⁴² t͡soi²¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hoǎn-chǒe
  - Tâi-lô: huǎn-tsuě
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /huan²² t͡sue²²/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hoān-chōe
  - Tâi-lô: huān-tsuē
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hoaxnzoe
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /huan²²⁻²¹ t͡sue²²/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /huan³³⁻²¹ t͡sue³³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /huan³³⁻¹¹ t͡sue³³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: huang⁶ zuê⁶ / huam⁶ zuê⁶
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: huăng tsuĕ / huăm tsuĕ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /huaŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sue³⁵/, /huam³⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sue³⁵/
Southern Pinghua
- (Nanning Pinghua, Tingzi)
  - Jyutping++: faan⁶ zui⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fan²² t͡sui²²/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁶ve-zoe₆; ⁶ve-ze₆
  - MiniDict: ve^去 zoe^去; ve^去 ze^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³ve-zoe₃; ³ve-ze₃
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ve²² zø⁴⁴/, /ve²² ze⁴⁴/
- (Northern: Chongming)
  - Wugniu: ⁴vae-dzei₄
  - MiniDict: vae^上 dzei^上
  - Sinological IPA (Chongming): /fvæ²⁴² d͡zei/
- (Northern: Hangzhou)
  - Wugniu: ⁶vaen-dzuei₆
  - MiniDict: vaen^去 dzuei^去
  - Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /vẽ̞¹¹ d͡zzʷei⁵³/
- (Jinhua)
  - Wugniu: ³fa-sae₃
  - Sinological IPA (Jinhua): /fɑ³³ sɛ⁵³⁵/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: fan⁵ zei⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɸan²¹⁻¹¹ t͡se̞i̯²¹⁻¹¹/

Verb

犯⫽罪 (verb-object)

(intransitive) to commit a crime
犯罪頭目／犯罪头目 ― fànzuì tóumù ― crime lord

跨境犯罪 ― kuàjìng fànzuì ― cross-border crime

黑惡犯罪／黑恶犯罪 ― hēi'è fànzuì ― underworld crime

犯罪窩點／犯罪窝点 ― fànzuì wōdiǎn ― crime den

構成犯罪／构成犯罪 ― gòuchéng fànzuì ― to constitute a crime

減少犯罪／减少犯罪 ― jiǎnshǎo fànzuì ― to reduce crime

涉嫌犯罪 ― shèxián fànzuì ― to be suspected of having committed a crime
(religion, intransitive) to sin
- 因為世人都犯了罪，虧缺了神的榮耀 [MSC, trad.]
  因为世人都犯了罪，亏缺了神的荣耀 [MSC, simp.]
  From: 新標點和合本 (Chinese Union Version with New Punctuation), 羅馬書 (Romans) 3:23
  Yīnwèi shìrén dōu fàn le zuì, kuīquē le Shén de róngyào [Pinyin]
  For all have sinned, and come short of the glory of God

Synonyms

edit

作案 (zuò'àn)
幹案 / 干案 (gàn'àn) (Singapore, Malaysia)
得罪 (dézuì) (literary)
犯法 (fànfǎ)
犯科 (fànkē) (formal)
獲罪 / 获罪 (huòzuì)
違法 / 违法 (wéifǎ)

Adjective

犯罪

(medicine, attributive) culprit (vessel, lesion, etc.)
犯罪血管 ― fànzuì xuèguǎn ― culprit vessel

Derived terms

仇恨犯罪 (chóuhèn fànzuì)
單位犯罪 / 单位犯罪 (dānwèi fànzuì)
少年犯罪 (shàonián fànzuì)
性犯罪 (xìngfànzuì)
有組織犯罪 / 有组织犯罪 (yǒuzǔzhī fànzuì)
犯罪事實 / 犯罪事实 (fànzuì shìshí)
犯罪分子 (fànzuì fènzǐ)
犯罪嫌疑人 (fànzuì xiányírén)
犯罪學 / 犯罪学 (fànzuìxué)
犯罪心理 (fànzuì xīnlǐ)
犯罪意圖 / 犯罪意图 (fànzuì yìtú)
犯罪故意 (fànzuì gùyì)
犯罪暗數 / 犯罪暗数 (fànzuì ànshù)
犯罪率 (fànzuìlǜ)
犯罪現場 / 犯罪现场 (fànzuì xiànchǎng)
犯罪組織 / 犯罪组织 (fànzuì zǔzhī)
犯罪者 (fànzuìzhě)
犯罪行為 / 犯罪行为 (fànzuì xíngwéi)
犯罪記錄 / 犯罪记录 (fànzuì jìlù)
網絡犯罪 / 网络犯罪 (wǎngluò fànzuì)
青少年犯罪 (qīngshàonián fànzuì)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (犯罪):

→ Japanese: 犯罪(はんざい) (hanzai)
→ Korean: 범죄(犯罪) (beomjoe)
→ Vietnamese: phạm tội (犯罪)

Others:

→ Lingao: fam⁴ soi⁴

References

李如龙 [Li, Ru-long], 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu], 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying], 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019) “1635 犯罪”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 451.

Japanese

Kanji in this term
犯	罪
はん Grade: 5	ざい Grade: 5
on'yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) はんざい [hàńzáí] (Heiban – [0])^[1]
IPA^(key): [hã̠nd͡za̠i]

Noun

犯(はん)罪(ざい) • (hanzai) (counter 件)

(law) a crime; an act that breaks law
異世界(いせかい)犯罪(はんざい)者集団(しゃしゅうだん)ギャングラー
isekai hanzai shashūdan gyangurā
Interdimensional Crime Group Gangler

Derived terms

犯(はん)罪(ざい)学(がく) (hanzaigaku)
犯(はん)罪(ざい)学(がく)者(しゃ) (hanzaigakusha)
犯(はん)罪(ざい)行(こう)為(い) (hanzaikōi)
犯(はん)罪(ざい)事(じ)実(じつ) (hanzaijijitsu)
犯(はん)罪(ざい)者(しゃ) (hanzaisha)
戦(せん)争(そう)犯(はん)罪(ざい)者(しゃ) (sensōhanzaisha)
犯(はん)罪(ざい)心(しん)理(り) (hanzaishinri)
犯(はん)罪(ざい)心(しん)理(り)学(がく) (hanzaishinrigaku)
犯(はん)罪(ざい)捜(そう)査(さ) (hanzaisōsa)
犯(はん)罪(ざい)容(よう)疑(ぎ) (hanzaiyōgi)
犯(はん)罪(ざい)容(よう)疑(ぎ)者(しゃ) (hanzaiyōgisha)
性(せい)犯(はん)罪(ざい) (seihanzai)

References

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
犯	罪

Noun

犯罪 • (beomjoe) (hangeul 범죄)

hanja form^? of 범죄 (“crime”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
犯	罪

Verb

犯罪

chữ Hán form of phạm tội (“to commit a crime”)

Adjective

犯罪

chữ Hán form of phạm tội (“guilty; culpable”)

[DJR-1] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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