窪

See also: 洼

窪	U+7AAA, 窪 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7AAA

← 窩
[U+7AA9]

CJK Unified Ideographs

窫 →
[U+7AAB]

Translingual

Han character

窪 (Kangxi radical 116, 穴+9, 14 strokes, cangjie input 十金水土土 (JCEGG), four-corner 3011₄, composition ⿱穴洼)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 866, character 61
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 25580
Dae Jaweon: page 1295, character 21
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2736, character 4
Unihan data for U+7AAA

Chinese

trad.		窪
simp.		洼^*
alternative forms		䨟漥凹𮄂𪶙

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 窪
Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (圭) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
街	kreː, kreː
鞋	ɡreː, ɡreː, *ɡreː
娾	ŋreː, ŋreːʔ
佳	*kreː
鮭	ɡreː, kʷeː, *kʰʷeː
涯	ŋreː, ŋre
崖	ŋreː, ŋre
啀	*ŋreː
厓	*ŋreː
捱	*ŋreː
睚	*ŋreːs
娃	*qreː
洼	qreː, qʷraː, *kʷeː
哇	qreː, qʷraː
胿	ɡeː, kʷeː
溎	*qeːns
觟	*ɡʷraːʔ
黊	ɡʷraːʔ, ɡʷreːs, *ɡʷeː
蘳	ɡʷraːʔ, qʰʷe
蛙	qʷraː, qʷreː
窪	*qʷraː
卦	*kʷreːs
挂	*kʷreːs
掛	*kʷreːs
詿	kʷreːs, ɡʷreːs
罣	kʷreːs, ɡʷreːs, *kʷeːs
絓	kʰʷreː, ɡʷreːs
鼃	ɢʷreː, qʷreː
圭	*kʷeː
珪	*kʷeː
邽	*kʷeː
閨	*kʷeː
袿	*kʷeː
窐	kʷeː, ɡʷeː
茥	kʷeː, kʰʷeː
桂	*kʷeːs
筀	*kʷeːs
奎	*kʰʷeː
刲	*kʰʷeː
蝰	*kʰʷeː
楏	*kʰʷeː
睳	*qʰʷeː
畦	*ɡʷeː
眭	ɡʷeː, sqʰʷe, qʰʷe, qʰʷi
烓	qʷeː, kʰʷeːŋʔ
跬	*kʰʷeʔ
恚	*qʷes
硅	*qʰʷreɡ

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): wā (wa¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄨㄚ
Cantonese (Jyutping): waa¹
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): oa

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: wā
  - Zhuyin: ㄨㄚ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: wa
  - Wade–Giles: wa¹
  - Yale: wā
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ua
  - Palladius: ва (va)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /wä⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: waa¹
  - Yale: wā
  - Cantonese Pinyin: waa¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: wa¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /waː⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: oa
  - Tâi-lô: ua
  - Phofsit Daibuun: oaf
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /ua⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ua³³/

Middle Chinese: 'wae

Rime
Character	窪
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	影 (34)
Final (韻)	麻 (99)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	烏瓜切
Baxter	'wae
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔˠua/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔʷᵚa/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔua/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔwaɨ/
Li Rong	/ʔua/
Wang Li	/wa/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ʔwa/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	wā
Expected Cantonese Reflex	waa¹

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*qʷraː/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	窪
Reading #	1/1
No.	4555
Phonetic component	圭
Rime group	魚
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	窊
Old Chinese	/*qʷraː/

Definitions

窪

Compounds

低窪 / 低洼 (dīwā)
坑坑窪窪 / 坑坑洼洼 (kēngkengwāwā)
大窪 / 大洼 (Dàwā)
楊樹窪 / 杨树洼 (Yángshùwā)
窪地 / 洼地 (wādì)
窪然 / 洼然
羅窪 / 罗洼 (Luówā)
鼻窪子 / 鼻洼子

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): òa

Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: òa
  - Tâi-lô: uà
  - Phofsit Daibuun: oax
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ua⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /ua²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /ua¹¹/

Definitions

alternative form of 化 (òa, “to ferment; to soak”)

Japanese

Kanji

窪

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

depression
cave in
sink
become hollow

Readings

Go-on: え (e)
Kan-on: わ (wa)
On: あ (a)
Kun: くぼ (kubo, 窪)、くぼむ (kubomu, 窪む)

Korean

Hanja

窪 (eum 와 (wa))

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Alternative forms

洼 (oa)^[1]

Han character

窪: Hán Việt readings: oa (烏(ô)瓜(qua)切(thiết))^[1]

chữ Hán form of oa (“hollow; pit; depression; swamp”)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Trần (2004).