膿

See also: 脓

膿	U+81BF, 膿 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-81BF

← 膾
[U+81BE]

CJK Unified Ideographs

臀 →
[U+81C0]

Translingual

Han character

膿 (Kangxi radical 130, 肉+13, 17 strokes, cangjie input 月廿田女 (BTWV), four-corner 7523₂, composition ⿰⺼農)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 996, character 4
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29938
Dae Jaweon: page 1447, character 4
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2116, character 7
Unihan data for U+81BF

Chinese

trad.		膿
simp.		脓

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (農) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
嶩	*nuː
噥	rnuːŋ, nuːŋ
鬞	rnuːŋ, noŋ
擃	*rnuːŋʔ
齈	*noːŋs
癑	*noːŋs
農	*nuːŋ
辳	*nuːŋ
憹	*nuːŋ
膿	*nuːŋ
儂	*nuːŋ
濃	*noŋ
醲	*noŋ
襛	noŋ, njoŋ
穠	noŋ, njoŋ
檂	*noŋ

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): nóng (nong²)

(Zhuyin): ㄋㄨㄥˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): nung⁴
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): nùng

(Meixian, Guangdong): nung²
Eastern Min (BUC): nè̤ng / nùng
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): lông / lâng

(Teochew, Peng'im): long⁵ / lang⁵
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶non

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: nóng
  - Zhuyin: ㄋㄨㄥˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: nóng
  - Wade–Giles: nung²
  - Yale: núng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: nong
  - Palladius: нун (nun)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /nʊŋ³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: nung⁴
  - Yale: nùhng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: nung⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: nung⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /nʊŋ²¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: nùng
  - Hakka Romanization System: nung^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: nung²
  - Sinological IPA: /nuŋ¹¹/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: nung²
  - Sinological IPA: /nʊŋ¹¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: nè̤ng / nùng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /nˡøyŋ⁵³/, /nˡuŋ⁵³/

Note:

nè̤ng - vernacular;
nùng - literary.

Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lông / lâng
  - Tâi-lô: lông / lâng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: loong, laang
  - IPA (Xiamen): /lɔŋ²⁴/, /laŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /lɔŋ²⁴/, /laŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /lɔŋ¹³/, /laŋ¹³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /lɔŋ²⁴/, /laŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /lɔŋ²³/, /laŋ²³/

Note:

lông - literary;
lâng - vernacular.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: long⁵ / lang⁵
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: lông / lâng
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /loŋ⁵⁵/, /laŋ⁵⁵/

Note:

long5 - literary;
lang5 - vernacular.

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁶non
  - MiniDict: non^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³non
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /noŋ²³/

Middle Chinese: nowng

Rime
Character	膿
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	泥 (8)
Final (韻)	冬 (5)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	奴冬切
Baxter	nowng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/nuoŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/nuoŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/noŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/nawŋ/
Li Rong	/noŋ/
Wang Li	/nuoŋ/
Bernhard Karlgren	/nuoŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	nóng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	nung⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*C.nˤuŋ/

(Zhengzhang): /*nuːŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	膿
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	nóng
Middle Chinese	‹ nowng ›
Old Chinese	/*C.nˁuŋ/
English	pus
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	膿
Reading #	1/1
No.	9575
Phonetic component	農
Rime group	終
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	農
Old Chinese	/*nuːŋ/

Definitions

膿

pus
- 留意感染的徵兆，比如發燒、發紅、腫脹、灼熱、疼痛加劇、流膿或割傷部位周圍有紅色條紋等。 [MSC, trad.]
  留意感染的征兆，比如发烧、发红、肿胀、灼热、疼痛加剧、流脓或割伤部位周围有红色条纹等。 [MSC, simp.]
  From: 急救基本知识, Qingdao United Family Hospital (青岛和睦家医院)
  Liúyì gǎnrǎn de zhēngzhào, bǐrú fāshāo, fāhóng, zhǒngzhàng, zhuórè, téngtòng jiājù, liú nóng huò gēshāng bùwèi zhōuwéi yǒu hóngsè tiáowén děng. [Pinyin]
  Watch for signs of infection, which are fever, redness, swelling, warmth, increasing pain, pus, or red streaks around the cut area etc.

Compounds

信口捏膿 / 信口捏脓
化膿 / 化脓 (huànóng)
捏膿 / 捏脓
灌膿 / 灌脓
煨膿 / 煨脓
膿包 / 脓包 (nóngbāo)
膿包貨 / 脓包货
膿團 / 脓团
膿毒病 / 脓毒病
膿泡 / 脓泡
膿痂疹 / 脓痂疹
膿疱病
膿皰 / 脓疱 (nóngpào)
膿胸 / 脓胸 (nóngxiōng)
膿腫 / 脓肿 (nóngzhǒng)
膿血 / 脓血
膿血債 / 脓血债
貢膿 / 贡脓
軟膿包 / 软脓包

Descendants

→ Proto-Katuic: *pnuŋ (“pus”)
→ Proto-Tai: *ʰnoːŋᴬ (“pus”)
- Thai: หนอง (nɔ̌ɔng)

Japanese

Kanji

膿

(Hyōgai kanji)

Readings

Go-on: の (no)、のう (nō)
Kan-on: どう (dō)
Kun: うむ (umu, 膿む)、うみ (umi, 膿)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
膿
うみ Hyōgai
kun'yomi

⟨umi₁⟩ → */umʲi/ → /umi/

Possibly from Old Japanese.

Nominalization of the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 膿む (umu, “to fester”).

First attested in the Nihonshoki of 720 CE.^[1]

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) うみ [ùmíꜜ] (Odaka – [2])^[2]^[3]^[4]
IPA^(key): [ɯ̟mʲi]

Noun

膿(うみ) • (umi)

pus

Derived terms

膿(うみ)汁(しる) (umishiru)
膿(うみ)吸(す)い石(いし) (umisui-ishi)
膿(うみ)血(ち) (umichi)
血(ち)膿(うみ) (chiumi)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
膿
のう Hyōgai
goon

From Middle Chinese 膿 (MC nowng).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) のー [nóꜜò] (Atamadaka – [1])^[2]^[3]^[4]
IPA^(key): [no̞ː]

Affix

膿(のう) • (nō)

(medicine) pus

Derived terms

膿(のう)痂(か)疹(しん) (nōkashin)
膿(のう)胸(きょう) (nōkyō)
膿(のう)血(けつ) (nōketsu)
膿(のう)腫(しゅ) (nōshu)
膿(のう)汁(じゅう) (nōjū)
膿(のう)毒(どく)症(しょう) (nōdoku-shō)
膿(のう)尿(にょう) (nōnyō)
膿(のう)皮(ひ)症(しょう) (nōhi-shō)
膿(のう)疱(ほう) (nōhō)
膿(のう)盆(ぼん) (nōbon)
膿(のう)瘍(よう) (nōyō)
膿(のう)漏(ろう) (nōrō)
化(か)膿(のう) (kanō)
排(はい)膿(のう) (hainō)

Noun

膿(のう) • (nō)

(medicine) pus

References

^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

膿 (eumhun 고름 농 (goreum nong))

hanja form^? of 농 (“pus”)

[KDJ-1] Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

[SMK7-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[DJR-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-4] 4.0 ^4.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]