苞

苞	U+82DE, 苞 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-82DE

← 苝
[U+82DD]

CJK Unified Ideographs

苟 →
[U+82DF]

Translingual

Han character

苞 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 廿心口山 (TPRU), four-corner 4471₂, composition ⿱艹包)

Derived characters

𢯿

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 1023, character 4
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30789
Dae Jaweon: page 1482, character 4
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3195, character 6
Unihan data for U+82DE

Chinese

trad.		苞
simp. ^#		苞
alternative forms		笣

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 苞
Shang	Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Qin slip script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (勹) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
袍	*buː
袌	buː, buːs
軳	*buː
抱	*buːʔ
勽	buːs, mɯnʔ
菢	*buːs
勹	*pruː
包	*pruː
胞	pruː, pʰruː
苞	*pruː
枹	pruː, bu, *bu
飽	*pruːʔ
泡	pʰruː, m̥ʰruːs, *bruː
炮	pʰruːs, bruː
皰	pʰruːs, bruːs
疱	pʰruːs, bruːs
跑	bruː, bruːɡ
咆	*bruː
庖	*bruː
匏	*bruː
刨	*bruː
狍	*bruː
炰	*bruː
鉋	bruː, bruːs
瓟	bruː, bruːɡ
颮	bruː, pʰruːɡ
鞄	bruː, bruːʔ, bruːs, pʰruːɡ
鮑	*bruːʔ
骲	bruːʔ, bruːs, bruːɡ, pʰoːɡ
玸	*bu
雹	*bruːɡ
窇	*bruːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *pruː): semantic 艹 + phonetic 包 (OC *pruː).

Etymology

Probably from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ʔ-bu ~ *pu (“to be born; birth; bud; bloom”). See 阜 (OC *buʔ, “big mound”) for more.^[1]

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin
(Pinyin): bāo (bao¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄅㄠ
Cantonese (Jyutping): baau¹
Eastern Min (BUC): bàu
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): pau / pâu / pô͘
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹pau

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: bāo
  - Zhuyin: ㄅㄠ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: bao
  - Wade–Giles: pao¹
  - Yale: bāu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bau
  - Palladius: бао (bao)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɑʊ̯⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: baau¹
  - Yale: bāau
  - Cantonese Pinyin: baau¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: bao¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /paːu̯⁵⁵/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: bàu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pau⁵³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pau
  - Tâi-lô: pau
  - Phofsit Daibuun: paw
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen): /pau⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /pau³³/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pâu
  - Tâi-lô: pâu
  - Phofsit Daibuun: paau
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /pau¹³/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pô͘
  - Tâi-lô: pôo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: poo
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /pɔ²³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /pɔ²⁴/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ¹pau
  - MiniDict: pau^平
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹pau
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /pɔ⁵³/

Middle Chinese: paew

Rime
Character	苞
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	幫 (1)
Final (韻)	肴 (90)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	布交切
Baxter	paew
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pˠau/
Pan Wuyun	/pᵚau/
Shao Rongfen	/pau/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/paɨw/
Li Rong	/pau/
Wang Li	/pau/
Bernhard Karlgren	/pau/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	bāo
Expected Cantonese Reflex	baau¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*pˤ<r>u/

(Zhengzhang): /*pruː/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	苞
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	bāo
Middle Chinese	‹ pæw ›
Old Chinese	/*pˁ<r>u/
English	reed mat for wrapping
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	苞
Reading #	1/1
No.	275
Phonetic component	勹
Rime group	幽
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	包
Old Chinese	/*pruː/

Definitions

苞

(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) bulrush (for making mats and straw sandals)
(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) root or stem of plants
(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) growing in profusion; luxuriant; profuse
(botany) bract; bud
(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) alternative form of 包 (“to wrap up; to surround”)
a surname

Synonyms

(bud): 蕾 (lěi)

Compounds

含苞 (hánbāo)
含苞待放
含苞怒放
含苞未放
含苞欲放
竹苞松茂 (zhúbāosōngmào)
總苞 / 总苞
花苞 (huābāo)
苞子
苞屨 / 苞屦
苞木
苞桑 (bāosāng)
苞片 (bāopiàn)
苞稂
苞穀 / 苞谷 (bāogǔ)
苞筍 / 苞笋
苞米 (bāomǐ)
苞米棒子
苞粟
苞苴
苞茅
苞茅不貢 / 苞茅不贡
苞苴公行
苞苴竿牘 / 苞苴竿牍
苞苴賄賂 / 苞苴贿赂
苞葉 / 苞叶 (bāoyè)
苞蓼
苞藏
苞藏禍心 / 苞藏祸心
苞蟲 / 苞虫
開苞 / 开苞 (kāibāo)

Pronunciation 2

Mandarin
(Pinyin): páo (pao²)

(Zhuyin): ㄆㄠˊ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: páo
  - Zhuyin: ㄆㄠˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: páo
  - Wade–Giles: pʻao²
  - Yale: páu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: paur
  - Palladius: пао (pao)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰɑʊ̯³⁵/

Definitions

苞

(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) alternative form of 匏 (páo, “gourd”)

Pronunciation 3

Mandarin
(Pinyin): biāo (biao¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄅㄧㄠ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: biāo
  - Zhuyin: ㄅㄧㄠ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: biao
  - Wade–Giles: piao¹
  - Yale: byāu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: biau
  - Palladius: бяо (bjao)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

Definitions

苞

(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) alternative form of 藨 (“bulrush”)

References

^ Luce, G. H. (1981) “-U Finals (47. Bud; to Bud; edible Bulb Root)”, in A Comparative Word-List of Old Burmese, Chinese and Tibetan, London: School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, →ISBN, page 33

Japanese

Kanji

苞

(Hyōgai kanji)

husk
bract
straw wrapper
souvenir gift
bribe

Readings

Go-on: ひょう (hyō)^{←へう (feu, historical)}
Kan-on: ほう (hō)^{←はう (fau, historical)}
Kun: つと (tsuto, 苞)
Nanori: しげる (shigeru)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
苞
ほう Hyōgai
on'yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) ほー [hóꜜò] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]
IPA^(key): [ho̞ː]

Noun

苞(ほう) • (hō) ^{←はう (fau)^?}

(botany) bract

Synonyms

苞葉(ほうよう) (hōyō)

Derived terms

総苞(そうほう) (sōhō, “involucre”)

References

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

苞 • (po) (hangeul 포, revised po, McCune–Reischauer p'o, Yale pho)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Nom glyph origin

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, bèo): semantic 艹 (“grass”) + phonetic 包 (bao).

Han character

苞: Hán Việt readings: bao^[1]^[2]^[3]
苞: Nôm readings: bèo^[4]^[5], bào^[6], vầu

chữ Nôm form of bèo (“duckweed”)

References

^ Trần (1999).
^ Nguyễn (1974).
^ Thiều Chửu (1942).
^ Nguyễn (2014).
^ Nguyễn et al. (2009).
^ Trần (2004).

[1] Luce, G. H. (1981) “-U Finals (47. Bud; to Bud; edible Bulb Root)”, in A Comparative Word-List of Old Burmese, Chinese and Tibetan, London: School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, →ISBN, page 33

[DJR-2] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[tvctdhv-3] Trần (1999).

[hvttd-4] Nguyễn (1974).

[tchvtd-5] Thiều Chửu (1942).

[tdcndg-6] Nguyễn (2014).

[tdcntd-7] Nguyễn et al. (2009).

[gdhn-8] Trần (2004).

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