雹
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Translingual
Han character
雹 (Kangxi radical 173, 雨+5, 13 strokes, cangjie input 一月心口山 (MBPRU), four-corner 10712, composition ⿱雨包)
Derived characters
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1372, character 26
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 42248
- Dae Jaweon: page 1882, character 3
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4061, character 5
- Unihan data for U+96F9
Chinese
| trad. | 雹 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. # | 雹 | |
| alternative forms | 𩅟 | |
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 雹 | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Shang | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
Characters in the same phonetic series (勹) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 袍 | *buː |
| 袌 | *buː, *buːs |
| 軳 | *buː |
| 抱 | *buːʔ |
| 勽 | *buːs, *mɯnʔ |
| 菢 | *buːs |
| 勹 | *pruː |
| 包 | *pruː |
| 胞 | *pruː, *pʰruː |
| 苞 | *pruː |
| 枹 | *pruː, *bu, *bu |
| 飽 | *pruːʔ |
| 泡 | *pʰruː, *m̥ʰruːs, *bruː |
| 炮 | *pʰruːs, *bruː |
| 皰 | *pʰruːs, *bruːs |
| 疱 | *pʰruːs, *bruːs |
| 跑 | *bruː, *bruːɡ |
| 咆 | *bruː |
| 庖 | *bruː |
| 匏 | *bruː |
| 刨 | *bruː |
| 狍 | *bruː |
| 炰 | *bruː |
| 鉋 | *bruː, *bruːs |
| 瓟 | *bruː, *bruːɡ |
| 颮 | *bruː, *pʰruːɡ |
| 鞄 | *bruː, *bruːʔ, *bruːs, *pʰruːɡ |
| 鮑 | *bruːʔ |
| 骲 | *bruːʔ, *bruːs, *bruːɡ, *pʰoːɡ |
| 玸 | *bu |
| 雹 | *bruːɡ |
| 窇 | *bruːɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *bruːɡ): semantic 雨 (“rain”) + phonetic 包 (OC *pruː).
Etymology
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-bru(ŋ/k) (“dragon; thunder”), whence also 龍 (OC *b·roŋ, *mroːŋ, “dragon”) (STEDT).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): poh7
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): bau3
- Northern Min (KCR): pāu
- Eastern Min (BUC): pĕ̤k / pâu
- Southern Min
- Wu (Northern, Wugniu): 6bau; 8boq / 2bau
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): pau4
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: báo
- Zhuyin: ㄅㄠˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: báo
- Wade–Giles: pao2
- Yale: báu
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: baur
- Palladius: бао (bao)
- Sinological IPA (key): /pɑʊ̯³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, rare literary variant)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: bó
- Zhuyin: ㄅㄛˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: bó
- Wade–Giles: po2
- Yale: bwó
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bor
- Palladius: бо (bo)
- Sinological IPA (key): /pu̯ɔ³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: bao4
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: bao
- Sinological IPA (key): /pau²¹³/
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: bok6
- Yale: bohk
- Cantonese Pinyin: bok9
- Guangdong Romanization: bog6
- Sinological IPA (key): /pɔːk̚²/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: dok5-4 / tok5-4 / bok5 / bau1
- Sinological IPA (key): /tɔk̚³²⁻²¹/, /tʰɔk̚³²⁻²¹/, /pɔk̚³²/, /pau³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Note:
- dok5-4, tok5-4 - vernacular;
- bok5, bau1 - literary.
- (Yangjiang Yue, Jiangcheng)
- Jyutping++: buk6
- Sinological IPA (key): /pʊk̚⁵⁵/
- Gan
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pho̍k
- Hakka Romanization System: pog
- Hagfa Pinyim: pog6
- Sinological IPA: /pʰok̚⁵/
- (Meixian)
- Guangdong: pog6
- Sinological IPA: /pʰɔk̚⁵/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: pāu
- Sinological IPA (key): /pʰau⁵⁵/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
Note:
- pĕ̤k - vernacular;
- pâu - literary.
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Taichung)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pha̍uh
- Tâi-lô: pha̍uh
- Phofsit Daibuun: phauh
- IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /pʰauʔ⁴/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /pʰauʔ¹²¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Hsinchu, Sanxia, Yilan)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phàu
- Tâi-lô: phàu
- Phofsit Daibuun: phaux
- IPA (Quanzhou): /pʰau⁴¹/
- IPA (Yilan): /pʰau²¹/
- (Hokkien: Taipei, Kinmen, Magong)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phau
- Tâi-lô: phau
- Phofsit Daibuun: phaw
- IPA (Taipei, Kinmen): /pʰau⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Taichung)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phāu
- Tâi-lô: phāu
- Phofsit Daibuun: phau
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pa̍k
- Tâi-lô: pa̍k
- Phofsit Daibuun: pak
- IPA (Xiamen): /pak̚⁴/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /pak̚¹²¹/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /pak̚²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: po̍k
- Tâi-lô: po̍k
- Phofsit Daibuun: pok
- IPA (Xiamen): /pɔk̚⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Taichung)
Note:
- pha̍uh/phàu/phau/phāu - vernacular;
- pa̍k - literary.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: pag8
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: pha̍k
- Sinological IPA (key): /pʰak̚⁴/
- (Leizhou)
- Leizhou Pinyin: tag8 / bog4 / bao6
- Sinological IPA: /tʰak̚²/, /pɔk̚⁵/, /pau³³/
Note:
- tag8 - vernacular;
- bog4, bao6 - literary.
- Middle Chinese: baewk
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*C.[b]ˤruk/
- (Zhengzhang): /*bruːɡ/
Definitions
雹
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 冰雹 (“hail”) [map]
Descendants
- ⇒ Zhuang: lwgbag
Compounds
References
- “雹”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
Kanji
雹
Readings
- Go-on: ぼく (boku)
- Kan-on: はく (haku)←はく (faku, historical)
- Kan’yō-on: ひょく (hyoku)←ひよく (fyoku, historical)
- Kun: ひょう (hyō, 雹)
Etymology
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 雹 |
| ひょう Hyōgai |
| kun'yomi |
Perhaps from 氷 (hyō, “ice”) (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
Noun
雹 • (hyō)
Usage notes
This term refers to hail at least 5mm in diameter. Hail smaller than this is referred to as 霰 (arare).
Derived terms
Korean
Etymology
From Middle Chinese 雹 (MC baewk).
| Historical Readings | ||
|---|---|---|
| Dongguk Jeongun Reading | ||
| Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | 빡〮 (Yale: ppák) | |
| Middle Korean | ||
| Text | Eumhun | |
| Gloss (hun) | Reading | |
| Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[2] | 무〮뤼〮 (Yale: mwúlwúy) | 박〮 (Yale: pák) |
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [pa̠k̚]
- Phonetic hangul: [박]
Hanja
Compounds
References
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [3]
Vietnamese
Han character
雹: Hán Nôm readings: bạc, bão, boạc
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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