近來

See also: 近来

Chinese

		near; close (to); approximately	to come
trad. (近來)		近	來
simp. (近来)		近	来

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jìnlái

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄣˋ ㄌㄞˊ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): gan⁶ loi⁴ / gan⁶ loi^4-2

(Taishan, Wiktionary): gin⁵ loi^3*
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): khiun-lòi

(Hailu, HRS): kiun^˖ loi
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kūn-lâi / kǔn-lâi / kīn-lâi

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jìnlái
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄣˋ ㄌㄞˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jìnlái
  - Wade–Giles: chin⁴-lai²
  - Yale: jìn-lái
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jinnlai
  - Palladius: цзиньлай (czinʹlaj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕin⁵¹ laɪ̯³⁵/
  - Homophones:
    [Show/Hide]
    ^edit
    ^edit
    近來 / 近来
    進來 / 进来
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: gan⁶ loi⁴ / gan⁶ loi^4-2
  - Yale: gahn lòih / gahn lói
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gan⁶ loi⁴ / gan⁶ loi^4-2
  - Guangdong Romanization: gen⁶ loi⁴ / gen⁶ loi^4-2
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɐn²² lɔːi̯²¹/, /kɐn²² lɔːi̯²¹⁻³⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: gin⁵ loi^3*
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kin³² lᵘɔi²²⁻²²⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khiun-lòi
  - Hakka Romanization System: kiun loi^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: kiun⁴ loi²
  - Sinological IPA: /kʰi̯un⁵⁵ loi̯¹¹/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: kiun^˖ loi
  - Sinological IPA: /kʰiun³³ loi⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Taipei)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kūn-lâi
  - Tâi-lô: kūn-lâi
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kuxnlaai
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kun²²⁻²¹ lai²⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kun³³⁻¹¹ lai²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kǔn-lâi
  - Tâi-lô: kǔn-lâi
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kun²² lai²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kīn-lâi
  - Tâi-lô: kīn-lâi
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kixnlaai
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kin³³⁻²¹ lai²³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kin²²⁻²¹ lai¹³/

Adverb

近來

recently; lately
- 近來無奈牡丹何，數十千錢買一顆。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  近来无奈牡丹何，数十千钱买一颗。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: 8th century, 柳渾, 牡丹
  Jìnlái wúnài mǔdān hé, shù shíqiān qián mǎi yī kē. [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- 不瞞老爺說，近來咱們地方上響馬甚多，凡過往的客人，須要遲行早住。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, trad.]
  不瞒老爷说，近来咱们地方上响马甚多，凡过往的客人，须要迟行早住。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, simp.]
  From: Wu Jingzi, The Scholars, 1750 CE
  Bù mán lǎoyé shuō, jìnlái zánmen dìfāng shàng xiǎngmǎ shèn duō, fán guòwǎng de kèrén, xū yào chí xíng zǎo zhù. [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- 1902, James Dyer Ball, How to Speak Cantonese, second edition, Hongkong: Kelly & Walsh, pages 112–113:
  
  近來中國打發欽差過外國。 [Cantonese, trad.]
  近来中国打发钦差过外国。 [Cantonese, simp.]
  gan⁶ loi^4-2 zung¹ gwok³ daa² faat³ jam¹ caai¹ gwo³ ngoi⁶ gwok³. [Jyutping]
  The Chinese have also lately sent ambassadors to foreign countries.

Synonyms

edit

一向 (yīxiàng)
最近 (zuìjìn)
只兩幫 / 只两帮 (cī-lâng-bōng) (Eastern Min)
只幫 / 只帮 (cī-bōng) (Eastern Min)
呢排 (Cantonese)
新近 (xīnjìn)
日來 / 日来 (rìlái) (literary)
比來 / 比来 (bǐlái) (literary)
比年 (bǐnián) (literary)
比歲 / 比岁 (bǐsuì) (literary)
近排 (gan⁶ paai^4-2) (Cantonese)
這擺 / 这摆 (Hokkien)
這擺仔 / 这摆仔 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
這斗 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
這番仔 / 这番仔 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
這程 / 这程 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
這站 / 这站 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
這站仔 / 这站仔 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
這過 / 这过 (Quanzhou Hokkien, Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
這過仔 / 这过仔 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
這陣 / 这阵 (zhèzhèn) (colloquial)
邇來 / 迩来 (ěrlái) (literary)

References

“Entry #11060”, in 臺灣客語辭典 [Dictionary of Taiwan Hakka] (overall work in Chinese and Hakka), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2022.