閻

See also: 閆, 阎, and 闫

閻	U+95BB, 閻 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-95BB

← 閺
[U+95BA]

CJK Unified Ideographs

閼 →
[U+95BC]

Translingual

Han character

閻 (Kangxi radical 169, 門+8, 16 strokes, cangjie input 日弓弓竹難 (ANNHX), four-corner 7777₇, composition ⿵門臽)

Derived characters

嚪, 壛, 㶄, 櫩, 爓, 䌪, 讇, 㿕

Additional Derived Characters

𠐩, 𡣽, 𢸴, 𦢨, 𤯐, 𥌸, 𨇝, 𧂄, 𥶿

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 1337, character 12
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 41379
Dae Jaweon: page 1842, character 31
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4305, character 11
Unihan data for U+95BB

Chinese

trad.		閻
simp.		阎
2nd round simp.		闫
alternative forms		閆／闫𨳔

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 閻
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (臽) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
萏	*l'oːmʔ
窞	*l'oːmʔ
惂	*kʰloːmʔ
輡	*kʰloːmʔ
錎	kʰloːmʔ, ɡroːms
埳	*kʰloːmʔ
臽	kʰloːmʔ, ɡroːms
淊	ɡloːmʔ, qroːm, qroːms, lomʔ
欿	*ɡloːmʔ
蜭	ɡloːmʔ, ɡluːms
啗	l'aːmʔ, l'aːms
鵮	ʔr'oːm, kʰroːm, *kʰroːms
餡	*ɡroːms
陷	*ɡroːms
爓	ljom, loms
諂	*l̥ʰomʔ
讇	*l̥ʰomʔ
閻	*lom
焰	*loms
壛	*lom
櫩	*lom
燄	*lomʔ
掐	*kʰroːb

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Appears to be conflated with 嚴 in many lects.”)

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): yán (yan²)

(Zhuyin): ㄧㄢˊ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): nyan²
Cantonese (Jyutping): jim⁴
Gan (Wiktionary): ien⁴
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): ngiàm

(Meixian, Guangdong): yam²
Jin (Wiktionary): ie¹
Northern Min (KCR): ngǐng / ngîng
Eastern Min (BUC): ngièng
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ngieng²
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): giâm / iâm

(Teochew, Peng'im): ngiam⁵
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶gni; ⁶yi
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): nyienn²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yán
  - Zhuyin: ㄧㄢˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yán
  - Wade–Giles: yen²
  - Yale: yán
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yan
  - Palladius: янь (janʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɛn³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: nyan²
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: nan
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /nʲan²¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: jim⁴
  - Yale: yìhm
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jim⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: yim⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jiːm²¹/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: ien⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /iɛn³⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngiàm
  - Hakka Romanization System: ngiam^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ngiam²
  - Sinological IPA: /ŋi̯am¹¹/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: yam²
  - Sinological IPA: /iam¹¹/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: ie¹
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /ie¹¹/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ngǐng / ngîng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋiŋ²¹/, /ŋiŋ³³/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: ngièng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋieŋ⁵³/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: ngieng²
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ngiáng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋiɛŋ¹³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: ngieng²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋiɛŋ²⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: giâm
  - Tâi-lô: giâm
  - Phofsit Daibuun: giaam
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɡiam²³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /ɡiam²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡiam¹³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iâm
  - Tâi-lô: iâm
  - Phofsit Daibuun: iaam
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou): /iam²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /iam¹³/

Note:

giâm - vernacular (including surname);
iâm - literary.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: ngiam⁵
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ngiâm
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋiam⁵⁵/

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁶gni; ⁶yi
  - MiniDict: nyi^去; yi^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³nyi; ³hhi
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /n̠ʲi²³/, /ɦi²³/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: nyienn²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /n̠ʲi̯ẽ¹³/

Middle Chinese: yem

Rime
Character	閻
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	以 (36)
Final (韻)	鹽 (153)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	余廉切
Baxter	yem
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/jiᴇm/
Pan Wuyun	/jiɛm/
Shao Rongfen	/jæm/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/jiam/
Li Rong	/iɛm/
Wang Li	/jĭɛm/
Bernhard Karlgren	/i̯ɛm/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yán
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jim⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɢ][a]m/

(Zhengzhang): /*lom/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	閻
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yán
Middle Chinese	‹ yem ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɢ][a]m/
English	gate over street or lane
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	閻
Reading #	1/1
No.	13564
Phonetic component	臽
Rime group	談
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	鹽
Old Chinese	/*lom/

Definitions

閻

village gate
a surname
閻錫山／阎锡山 ― Yán Xīshān ― Yan Xishan

Usage notes

See 闫.

Compounds

窮閻漏屋 / 穷阎漏屋
閭閻 / 闾阎 (lǘyán)
閻君 / 阎君 (Yánjūn)
閻家河 / 阎家河 (Yánjiāhé)
閻摩 / 阎摩 (Yánmó)
閻浮 / 阎浮 (yánfú)
閻王 / 阎王 (Yánwáng)
閻羅 / 阎罗 (Yánluó)

Japanese

Kanji

閻

(Hyōgai kanji)

village gate
good-looking
used as a phonetic sign for the transcription of Sanskrit

Readings

On (unclassified): えん (en)、せん (sen)
Kun: ちまた (chimata)、ひらく (hiraku)、すすめる (susumeru)

Compounds

閻王(えんおう) (en'ō)
閻浮(えんぶ) (enbu)
閻浮提(えんぶだい) (enbudai)
閻魔(えんま) (enma)
閻魔顔(えんまがお) (enmagao)
閻魔王(えんまおう) (enmaō)
閻魔蟋蟀(えんまこおろぎ) (enmakōrogi)
閻魔大王(えんまだいおう) (enmadaiō)
閻魔帳(えんまちょう) (enmachō)
閻魔羅闍(えんまらじゃ) (enmaraja)
閻羅(えんら) (enra)
済(な)す時(とき)の閻魔顔(えんまがお) (nasutokinoenmagao)
南閻浮提(なんえんぶだい) (nan'enbudai)

References

Shinmura, Izuru, editor (1998), 広辞苑 [Kōjien] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
Tōdō, Akiyasu, Matsumoto, Akira, Takeda, Akira, Kanō, Yoshimitsu, editors (2018), 漢字源 [Kanjigen] (in Japanese), Revised sixth edition, Gakken, →ISBN
Tōdō, Akiyasu, editor (1998), 学研漢和大辞典 [Gakken Kanwa Daijiten] (in Japanese), Gakken, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

閻 • (yeom) (hangeul 염, revised yeom, McCune–Reischauer yŏm, Yale yem)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

閻: Hán Nôm readings: diêm

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

Nom Foundation