魂

魂 (Kangxi radical 194, 鬼+4, 14 strokes, cangjie input 一戈竹戈 (MIHI), four-corner 1671₃, composition ⿰云鬼)

• 𡂃, 𱴹, 𡄬

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1461, character 12
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 45787
• Dae Jaweon: page 1994, character 20
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4428, character 9
• Unihan data for U+9B42

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɢuːn): phonetic 云 (OC *ɢun) + semantic 鬼.

Cognate with 雲 (OC *ɢun, “cloud”) (Carr, 1985).

魂

1. (religion, folklore) the hun, the soul which goes to heaven, as opposed to the 魄 (pò), which goes down to the earth with the body at death.
2. soul; spirit
3. mood
4. the lofty spirit of a nation or people

• 魄 (pò)
• 靈／灵 (líng)
• 幽靈／幽灵 (yōulíng)
• 鬼 (guǐ)

(Jōyō kanji)

1. soul, spirit
2. vigour, willpower

• Go-on: ごん (gon)
• Kan-on: こん (kon, Jōyō)
• Kun: たま (tama, 魂)、たましい (tamashī, 魂, Jōyō)^{←たましひ (tamasifi, 魂, historical)}
• Nanori: こころ (kokoro)、もと (moto)

⟨tamasipi₁⟩ → */tamasipʲi/ → /tamaɕifi/ → /tamaɕiwi/ → /tamaɕiː/

From Old Japanese.

Compound of 魂 (tama, “soul, spirit”, see below) and an uncertain shii, possibly 強ひ (shihi → shii), the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of classical verb 強ふ (shifu → shiu), modern 強いる (shiiru, “to force, compel”). (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

• (Tokyo) たましい [táꜜmàshìì] (Atamadaka – [1])^[2][1]
• IPA^(key): [ta̠ma̠ɕiː]

• (Kyoto) たま​しい [támáꜜshìì] (Kōki)^[1]

魂(たましい) • (tamashī) ^{←たましひ (tamasifi)?}

1. (religion, folklore) a soul, spirit

   Synonyms: アニマ (anima), ゼーレ (zēre), ソウル (sōru), 霊魂 (reikon)

   • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 15, poem 3767:
     , text here

     多麻之比(たましひ)波(は)安之多由布敝尓(あしたゆふへに)多麻布礼杼(たまふれど)安我牟祢伊多之(あがむねいたし)古非能之氣吉尓(こひのしげきに) [Man'yōgana]

     魂(たましひ)は朝(あした)夕(ゆふべ)にたまふれど我(あ)が胸(むね)痛(いた)し恋(こひ)の繁(しげ)きに [Modern spelling]

     tamashī wa ashita-yūbe ni tamafuredo aga mune itashi koi no shigeki ni

     (please add an English translation of this example)

2. mind, spirit, vigour, willpower

   Synonyms: ガイスト (gaisuto), 気力 (kiryoku), 心 (kokoro), 心魂 (kokorodama), 精神 (seishin)

3. (figurative) spirit (manner or style of something, enthusiasm)
4. (figurative, by extension) attitude, readiness

   Synonym: 気構え (kigamae)

5. discretion, judgement, prudence

   Synonyms: 才略 (sairyaku), 思慮 (shiryo), 分別 (funbetsu)

6. character, genius, talent, wisdom

   Synonyms: 素質 (soshitsu), 天分 (tenbun), 才気 (saiki)

7. (from a warrior's "spirit") a katana (single-edged Japanese sword)

   Synonym: 刀 (katana)

• In English, the word is known through the idiosyncratic romanization "Damacy", from the title of the video game Katamari Damacy, rendered in Japanese as 塊(かたまり)魂(だましい) (katamaridamashī). The ta changes to da as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

• 一(いっ)寸(すん)の虫(むし)にも五(ご)分(ぶ)の魂(たましい) (issun no mushi ni mo gobu no tamashī)
• 仏(ほとけ)作(つく)って魂(たましい)入(い)れず (hotoke tsukutte tamashī irezu)

From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *tama.

Thought to be cognate with 玉 (tama, “jewel”),^[2] but note differences in pitch accent.

• (Tokyo) たま [táꜜmà] (Atamadaka – [1])^[2][3]
• IPA^(key): [ta̠ma̠]

• (Kyoto) た​ま [táꜜmà] (Kōki)^[3]

魂(たま) • (tama) ^{←たま (tama)?}

1. a soul, spirit
   • 905, Kokin Wakashū (book 10, poem 448)

     空蟬(うつせみ)のからは木(き)ごとにとどむれどたまのゆくへを見(み)ぬぞかなしき

     utsusemi no kara-wa-ki-goto ni todomuredo tama no yukue o minu zo kanashiki

     (please add an English translation of this example)

   Synonym: 霊魂 (reikon)

From Middle Chinese 魂 (MC hwon).

Compare modern Mandarin 魂 (hún)

• (Tokyo) こん [kóꜜǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])^[2][4]
• IPA^(key): [kõ̞ɴ]

魂(こん) • (kon) 

1. mind, spirit, will

   Synonyms: 心 (kokoro), 精神 (seishin)

2. a soul, spirit

   Synonym: 霊魂 (reikon)

3. hun: yang energy or spirit

   Antonym: 魄 (haku)

   Hypernym: 魂魄 (konpaku)

• 和(わ)魂(こん) (wakon)

From 心 (kokoro, “heart, mind, spirit”).

魂(こころ) • (Kokoro) 

1. a female given name

From Middle Chinese 魂 (MC hwon).

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ɸʷo̞n]
• Phonetic hangul: [혼]

Wikisource

魂 (eumhun 넋 혼 (neok hon))

1. hanja form^? of 혼 (“soul; spirit”)

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [4]

(Jōyō kanji)

• Kun: たまし (tamashi, 魂)、たましー (tamashī, 魂)

魂(たまし) (tamashi) 

1. soul, spirit, mind

魂(たましー) (tamashī) 

1. (religion) soul of the dead

   Antonym: まぶい

• “タマシ” in Okinawa Center of Language Study, Shuri-Naha Dialect Dictionary (archived; reopens 2024).
• “タマシー” in Okinawa Center of Language Study, Shuri-Naha Dialect Dictionary (archived; reopens 2024).

魂: Hán Nôm readings: hồn, hun, hùn

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

(Jōyō kanji)

• Kun: たまち (tamachi, 魂)

Cognate with Japanese 魂 (tamashī)

魂(たまち) (tamachi) 

1. (religion) soul; spirit

• “たまち【魂】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.