𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁
Old Uyghur
Etymology
By surface analysis, 𐽷𐽶𐽴𐽰𐽾𐽹𐽰𐽷 (kyzʾrmʾk /kïzar-/, “to redden, to get hot, to get fried”) + -𐽶𐾁 (-yl /-ïl/, “deverbal suffix”), from Proto-Turkic *kïŕïl (“red”). Compare the identical suffixation in 𐽶𐽰𐽿𐽶𐾁 (yʾšyl /yaš- + -ïl/).
Cognates 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽰𐽹𐽳𐽲 (qyzʾmwq /ḳïzamuḳ/, “measles, rubella”), 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽹𐽰𐽲 (qyzʾrtmʾq /ḳïzart-/, “to fry, to make hot and glow”), 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽲𐽰𐽺 (qyzqʾn /ḳïzġan/, “rose (color), pink”), 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽷𐽳𐽾𐽹𐽰𐽲 (qyzkwrmʾq /ḳïzġur-/, “to embarrass”) and 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽲𐽳𐾀 (qyzqwt /ḳïzġut/, “punishment”) suggest a common verb root 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽹𐽰𐽲* (*ḳïz-, "to turn red"), however, such a verb is not attested.
Adjective
𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁 (qyzyl /ḳïzïl/)
- red, vermilion, cinnabar
- red-hot, searing-hot
- raw, unprocessed (of meat)
- 𐽲𐾄𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁 𐽰𐾀 𐾀𐽰𐽺𐽽𐽳𐽲𐾄
- q̈yzyl ʾt tʾncwq̈
- /Ḳïzïl ät tančuġ./
- Small slices of raw[1] meat.
Noun
𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁 (qyzyl /ḳïzïl/)
Declension
| singular | definite plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁 (qyzyl) | 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁𐾁𐽰𐽾 (qyzyllʾr) |
| genitive | 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (qyzylnynk) | 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (qyzyllʾrnynk) |
| dative | 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁𐽲𐽰 (qyzylqʾ) | 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽲𐽰 (qyzyllʾrqʾ) |
| accusative | 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽲 (qyzylyq), 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁𐽺𐽶 (qyzylny) | 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 (qyzyllʾryq), 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (qyzyllʾrny) |
| locative | 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁𐾀𐽰 (qyzyltʾ) | 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽰 (qyzyllʾrtʾ) |
| ablative | 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁𐾀𐽶𐽺 (qyzyltyn) | 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽶𐽺 (qyzyllʾrtyn) |
| instrumental | 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽺 (qyzylyn) | 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (qyzyllʾryn) |
| equative | 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁𐽽𐽰 (qyzylcʾ) | |
| directive | 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽳 (qyzylqʾrw), 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁𐽾𐽰 (qyzylrʾ) | |
| similative | 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (qyzyllʾyw) |
Compound terms
- 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁 𐽰𐽳𐽴𐽶𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾 (qyzyl ʾwzyqlʾr /ḳïzïl uʒiḳlar/, “royal orders and decrees”, literally “vermillion marks [on paper]”)
- 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁 𐽰𐽸 (qyzyl ʾd /ḳïzïl ät/, “raw meat, fresh game”)
- 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁 𐽱𐽾𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽻𐽳𐽶𐽺 (qyzyl βrqʾrswyn /ḳïzïl virgärsün/, “rosalgar, red sulphur, yellow arsenic”)
- 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁 𐽶𐽶𐽺𐽽𐽳 (qyzyl yyncw /ḳïzïl yinčü/, “ruby, hyacinth”)
- 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁 𐽻𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 (qyzyl sʾryq /ḳïzïl sarïġ/, “orange”)
- 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁 𐽼𐽰𐽲𐽶𐽾 (qyzyl pʾqyr /ḳïzïl baḳïr/, “copper”)
- 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁 𐽼𐽰𐽲𐽶𐽾 (qyzyl pʾqyr /ḳïzïl baġïr/, “pancreas?”)
- 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁 𐽽𐽳𐽴𐽰𐽰 (qyzyl cwzʾʾ /ḳïzïl čuʒa/, “cinnabar stone, vermillion”)
- 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁 𐽽𐽶𐽺𐾀𐽰𐽺 (qyzyl cyntʾn /ḳïzïl čintan/, “sappanwood, Caesalpinia sappan, L.”)
- 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁 𐾀𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽶 (qyzyl tykly /ḳïzïl tigle/, “menstrual blood”, literally “red waterdrop”)
Derived terms
- 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁𐽻𐽶𐽲 (qyzylsyq /ḳïzïlsïġ/, “reddish”)
See also
| 𐽰𐽰𐽲 (ʾʾq /aḳ/), 𐽶𐽳𐽾𐽳𐽺𐽷 (ywrwnk /yürüŋ/) | 𐽼𐽳𐽴 (pwz /boz/), 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷 (kwyk /kök/) | 𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽰 (qʾrʾ /ḳara/) |
| 𐽰𐽰𐾁 (ʾʾl /al/), 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁 (qyzyl /ḳïzïl/) | 𐽰𐽰𐽾 (ʾʾr /ar/), 𐽶𐽰𐽲𐽶𐽴 (yʾqyz /yaġïz/) | 𐽻𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 (sʾryq /sarïġ/) |
| 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷 (kwyk /kök/), 𐽶𐽰𐽿𐽶𐾁 (yʾšyl /yašïl/) | ||
| 𐽽𐽰𐽽 (cʾc /čač/) | 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷 (kwyk /kök/) | 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷𐽳𐽿 (kwykwš /köküš/), 𐽾𐽴𐽰𐽱𐽾𐾀 (rzʾβrt /razavart/) |
| 𐽶𐽶𐽼𐽷𐽶𐽺 (yypkyn /yipgin/) | 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽲𐽰𐽺 (qyzqʾn /ḳïzġan/), 𐽻𐽰𐽴𐽲𐽰𐽺 (sʾzqʾn /sazġan/) |
References
- ^ As in, still-red meat.
- Caferoğlu, Ahmet (1968) “ḳızıl, ḳızgıl”, in Eski Uygur Türkçesi Sözlüğü (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 260) (in Turkish), Istanbul: Edebiyat Fakültesi Basımevi, page 178
- Wilkens, Jens (2021) “(1) kızıl”, in Handwörterbuch des Altuigurischen (in German), Göttingen: Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen, page 377