𐽰𐽰𐾁
Old Uyghur
Etymology 1
Inherited from Proto-Turkic *āl (“scarlet”). Cognate with Orkhon Turkic 𐰞 (al).
Adjective
𐽰𐽰𐾁 (ʾʾl /al/)
Derived terms
- 𐽰𐽰𐾁𐽰 (ʾʾlʾ /ala/, “variegated, hazel”)
Etymology 2
Inherited from Proto-Turkic *āl (“device”). Cognate with Karakhanid آل (āl, “trick, subterfuge”), Mamluk-Kipchak ال (al, “deceit”), Ottoman Turkish آل (al, “trick, trap”).
Noun
𐽰𐽰𐾁 (ʾʾl /al/)
- tool, gadget, device
- Synonyms: 𐽼𐽶𐽱𐾁𐽶𐽷 (pyβlyk /bivlik/), 𐽰𐽶𐾀𐽶𐽷 (ʾytyk /itig/)
- (derogatory) deceit, cheat, dexterity
- Synonyms: 𐽰𐽰𐽾𐽹𐽰𐽲 (ʾʾrmʾq /armaḳ/), 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽾 (kwyr /kür/), 𐾀𐽰𐽱 (tʾβ /täv/), 𐽶𐽳𐽱𐽹𐽰𐽲 (ywβmʾq /yovmaḳ/)
- 𐽷𐽶𐽹 𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 𐽼𐽶𐽾𐽶𐽷 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽽𐽶 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽻𐽳𐽺𐽶 𐽼𐽰𐽾 𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽼 𐾀𐽰𐽱 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽾 𐽰𐽰𐾁𐽶 𐽰𐽰𐾁𐾀𐽰𐽲𐾄𐽶 𐽶𐽳𐽵𐾄 𐽰𐽾𐽻𐽰𐽾 𐾈 𐽺𐽰𐽺𐽷 𐽰𐽳𐾁 𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽶𐽺 𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽵𐾄 𐽰𐽳𐾀𐽲𐾄𐽰𐾁𐽶 𐽶𐽶𐽷𐽰𐽸𐽷𐽰𐾁𐽶 𐽰𐽳𐽹𐽰𐽴 𐾈
- kym nynk pyryk kwycy kwyswny pʾr ʾryp tʾβ kwyr ʾʾly ʾʾltʾq̈y ywẍ ʾrsʾr nʾnk ʾwl ʾʾdyn lʾryẍ ʾwtq̈ʾly yykʾdkʾly ʾwmʾz
- /Kimniŋ birök küči-küsüni bar ärip; täv, kür, alï-altaġï yoḳ ärsär, näŋ ol adïnlarïġ utġalï yägädgäli umaz./
- One who is strong and powerful but does not resort to cunning, deceit, cheating, or fraud can never overcome others.
- skill, ableness
- Synonym: 𐽰𐽳𐽴𐽰𐽺𐽹𐽰𐽲 (ʾwzʾnmʾq /uzanmaḳ/)
- cunning, guile
- Synonyms: 𐽲𐽳𐽾𐽱𐽶 (qwrβy /ḳurvï/), 𐽶𐽰𐾁𐽲𐽰𐽺 (yʾlqʾn /yalġan/)
- shrewdness, craftiness, trickiness, subtlety
- Synonym: 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽷𐽰𐽶𐽻𐽳𐽷 (ʾylkʾyswk /ilgäysök/)
- method, way
- Synonyms: 𐽰𐽰𐾁𐾀𐽰𐽲 (ʾʾltʾq /altaġ/), 𐽽𐽰𐽱𐽶𐽿 (cʾβyš /čäviš/), 𐽽𐽳𐽲𐽰 (cwqʾ /čoġa/), 𐽰𐽳𐽻𐽳𐽲 (ʾwswq /osuġ/), 𐽱𐽶𐾀𐽶 (βyty /veti/), 𐽶𐽰𐽺𐽷 (yʾnk /yaŋ/)
- (medicine) remedy, cure
- (religion, Buddhism) Abhyupāya (अभ्युपाय), ritualistic engagement
Declension
| singular | definite plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | 𐽰𐽰𐾁 (ʾʾl) | 𐽰𐽰𐾁𐾁𐽰𐽾 (ʾʾllʾr) |
| genitive | 𐽰𐽰𐾁𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (ʾʾlnynk) | 𐽰𐽰𐾁𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (ʾʾllʾrnynk) |
| dative | 𐽰𐽰𐾁𐽲𐽰 (ʾʾlqʾ) | 𐽰𐽰𐾁𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽲𐽰 (ʾʾllʾrqʾ) |
| accusative | 𐽰𐽰𐾁𐽶𐽲 (ʾʾlyq), 𐽰𐽰𐾁𐽺𐽶 (ʾʾlny) | 𐽰𐽰𐾁𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 (ʾʾllʾryq), 𐽰𐽰𐾁𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (ʾʾllʾrny) |
| locative | 𐽰𐽰𐾁𐾀𐽰 (ʾʾltʾ) | 𐽰𐽰𐾁𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽰 (ʾʾllʾrtʾ) |
| ablative | 𐽰𐽰𐾁𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ʾʾltyn) | 𐽰𐽰𐾁𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ʾʾllʾrtyn) |
| instrumental | 𐽰𐽰𐾁𐽶𐽺 (ʾʾlyn) | 𐽰𐽰𐾁𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (ʾʾllʾryn) |
| equative | 𐽰𐽰𐾁𐽽𐽰 (ʾʾlcʾ) | |
| directive | 𐽰𐽰𐾁𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽳 (ʾʾlqʾrw), 𐽰𐽰𐾁𐽾𐽰 (ʾʾlrʾ) | |
| similative | 𐽰𐽰𐾁𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (ʾʾllʾyw) |
Compound terms
- 𐽰𐽰𐾁 𐽰𐽰𐾁𐾀𐽰𐽲 (ʾʾl ʾʾltʾq /al altaġ/, “method”)
- 𐽰𐽰𐾁 𐽽𐽰𐽱𐽶𐽿 (ʾʾl cʾβyš /al čäviš/, “strategies, methods used to win wars”)
Derived terms
- 𐽰𐽰𐾁𐽱𐽶𐽾𐽹𐽰𐽲 (ʾʾlβyrmʾq /alvïrmaḳ/, “to get confused”)
- 𐽰𐽰𐾁𐽹𐽶𐽾 (ʾʾlmyr /almïr/, “enthusiasm”)
- 𐽰𐽰𐾁𐽻𐽶𐽴 (ʾʾlsyz /alsïz/, “unequipped, barehanded”)
- 𐽰𐽰𐾁𐾀𐽰𐽹𐽰𐽲 (ʾʾltʾmʾq /altamaḳ/, “to cheat, to deceive”)
- 𐽰𐾁𐾁𐽶𐽲 (ʾllyq /allïġ/, “cheater, crafty, smart”)
Etymology 3
Inherited from Proto-Turkic *al (“front, prior”). Cognate with Karakhanid الين (alın, “...in the presence of”) Chagatai الين (alïn, “before, in front of”).
Postposition
𐽰𐽰𐾁 (ʾʾl /al/)
- under, below
- Synonym: 𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽲 (ʾʾdʾq /adaḳ/)
- 𐽰𐽰𐽺𐾀𐽰 𐽰𐽰𐾁𐾀𐽶𐽺 𐽹𐽷𐽰 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽴𐽰 𐽼𐽶𐾀𐽶𐽹𐽶𐽿 𐽶𐽶𐽺𐽽𐽷𐽰 𐽰𐽳𐽴𐾅𐽶𐽷
- ʾʾntʾ ʾʾltyn mkʾ ʾwyzʾ pytymyš yynckʾ ʾwz̤yk
- /Anta altïn mäkä üzä bitimiš yinčgä uʒik./
- Written in black ink below that, small letters.
- (rare) front
- Synonym: 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷 (ʾwynk /öŋ/)
Derived terms
See also
| 𐽰𐽰𐽲 (ʾʾq /aḳ/), 𐽶𐽳𐽾𐽳𐽺𐽷 (ywrwnk /yürüŋ/) | 𐽼𐽳𐽴 (pwz /boz/), 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷 (kwyk /kök/) | 𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽰 (qʾrʾ /ḳara/) |
| 𐽰𐽰𐾁 (ʾʾl /al/), 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁 (qyzyl /ḳïzïl/) | 𐽰𐽰𐽾 (ʾʾr /ar/), 𐽶𐽰𐽲𐽶𐽴 (yʾqyz /yaġïz/) | 𐽻𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 (sʾryq /sarïġ/) |
| 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷 (kwyk /kök/), 𐽶𐽰𐽿𐽶𐾁 (yʾšyl /yašïl/) | ||
| 𐽽𐽰𐽽 (cʾc /čač/) | 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷 (kwyk /kök/) | 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷𐽳𐽿 (kwykwš /köküš/), 𐽾𐽴𐽰𐽱𐽾𐾀 (rzʾβrt /razavart/) |
| 𐽶𐽶𐽼𐽷𐽶𐽺 (yypkyn /yipgin/) | 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽲𐽰𐽺 (qyzqʾn /ḳïzġan/), 𐽻𐽰𐽴𐽲𐽰𐽺 (sʾzqʾn /sazġan/) |
References
- Caferoğlu, Ahmet (1968) “al”, in Eski Uygur Türkçesi Sözlüğü (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 260) (in Turkish), Istanbul: Edebiyat Fakültesi Basımevi, page 10
- Clauson, Gerard (1972) “(1) a:l, (2) a:l, (3) al”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, pages 120, 121
- Hamilton, James (2020) “al, ʾʾL”, in Korkut, Ece, Birkan, İsmet, transl., Budacı İyi Kalpli ve Kötü Kalpli Prens Masalının Uygurcası - Prens Kalyāṇaṃkara ve Pāpaṃkara Hikâyesi (in Turkish), Ankara: Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları, →ISBN, page 165
- Wilkens, Jens (2021) “(1), (2), (4) al”, in Handwörterbuch des Altuigurischen (in German), Göttingen: Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen, pages 26, 27