Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/dōną
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From two related Proto-Indo-European verbs:
- Present tense from the perfective *dʰéh₁t, although the o-grade form *dʰóh₁t is unexpected.
- Past tense from the past of the reduplicated imperfective *dʰédʰeh₁ti.
Both originate from the root *dʰeh₁- (“to place, do”).[1]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈdɔː.nɑ̃/
Verb
*dōną
Inflection
| active voice | passive voice | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive | |
| 1st singular | *dōmi | *dǭ | — | — | — | |
| 2nd singular | *dōsi | *dōs | *dō | — | — | |
| 3rd singular | *dōþi | *dō | *dōþau | — | — | |
| 1st dual | *dōs | *dōw | — | — | — | |
| 2nd dual | *dōþiz | *dōþiz | *dōþiz | — | — | |
| 1st plural | *dōmaz | *dōm | — | — | — | |
| 2nd plural | *dōþ | *dōþ | *dōþ | — | — | |
| 3rd plural | *dōnþi | *dōn | *dōnþau | — | — | |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | ||||
| 1st singular | *dedǭ | *dēdį̄ | ||||
| 2nd singular | *dedēz | *dēdīz | ||||
| 3rd singular | *dedē | *dēdī | ||||
| 1st dual | *dēdū | *dēdīw | ||||
| 2nd dual | *dēdudiz | *dēdīdiz | ||||
| 1st plural | *dēdum | *dēdīm | ||||
| 2nd plural | *dēdud | *dēdīd | ||||
| 3rd plural | *dēdun | *dēdīn | ||||
| present | past | |||||
| participles | *dōndz | *dēnaz | ||||
In almost all Germanic languages but the ancient ones, the first person singular form *dōmi was replaced by *dō by analogy with class II weak verbs. Remnants exist in dialects of Flemish, West- and Estphalian and Central Hessian.
Related terms
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *dōn
- Old English: dōn, doan — Anglian, doa, doæ, doe — Northumbrian
- Old Frisian: dwā, dwān, duān, duā, dūa
- Old Saxon: dōn, doan, dūan, duon
- Old Dutch: duon
- Old High German: tuon, duon, duan
- Middle High German: tuon, tûn, tôn, duon, dûn, dôn, tœn, tain, tuogen, tuomen, thoenen
- Alemannic German: tue, due, tuä
- Bavarian: doa
- Cimbrian: tüan, tüunan (Sette Comuni)
- Northern Bavarian: [d̥o͡u]
- Viennese: tuan
- Central Franconian: donn, don (northern Moselle Franconian, some Ripuarian dialects), dun (southern Moselle Franconian)
- German: tun
- Rhine Franconian:
- Frankfurterisch: [d̥ũː]
- Pennsylvania German: duh
- Yiddish: טאָן (ton)
- Middle High German: tuon, tûn, tôn, duon, dûn, dôn, tœn, tain, tuogen, tuomen, thoenen
References
- ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*dōn-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 98