Swahili
Pronunciation
Verb
-darana (infinitive kudarana)
- Reciprocal form of -dara: to touch each other
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -darana
|
| Positive present
|
-nadarana
|
| Subjunctive
|
-darane
|
| Negative
|
-darani
|
| Imperative singular
|
darana
|
|
| Infinitives
|
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
darana
|
| Plural
|
daraneni
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
hudarana
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -lidarana
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kudarana
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -nadarana)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninadarana/nadarana
|
tunadarana
|
| 2nd person
|
unadarana
|
mnadarana
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anadarana
|
wanadarana
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -nadarana
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -darani)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
sidarani
|
hatudarani
|
| 2nd person
|
hudarani
|
hamdarani
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
hadarani
|
hawadarani
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -darani
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -tadarana
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -tadarana
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -darane)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nidarane
|
tudarane
|
| 2nd person
|
udarane
|
mdarane
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
adarane
|
wadarane
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -darane
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -sidarane
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngedarana
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singedarana
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngalidarana
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singalidarana
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -adarana)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nadarana
|
twadarana
|
| 2nd person
|
wadarana
|
mwadarana
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
adarana
|
wadarana
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
wadarana
|
yadarana
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
ladarana
|
yadarana
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
chadarana
|
vyadarana
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yadarana
|
zadarana
|
| u(XI)
|
wadarana
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwadarana
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
padarana
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwadarana
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -medarana
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -meshadarana
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -jadarana
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kidarana
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -sipodarana
|
| Consecutive
|
kadarana / positive subject concord + -kadarana
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -kadarane
|
| Object concord
|
—
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + -darana- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-daranaye
|
-daranao
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-daranao
|
-daranayo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-daranalo
|
-daranayo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-daranacho
|
-daranavyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-daranayo
|
-daranazo
|
| u(XI)
|
-daranao
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-daranako
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-daranapo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-daranamo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + -darana)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yedarana
|
-odarana
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-odarana
|
-yodarana
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lodarana
|
-yodarana
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-chodarana
|
-vyodarana
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yodarana
|
-zodarana
|
| u(XI)
|
-odarana
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kodarana
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-podarana
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-modarana
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
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