haver de

Catalan

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): (Central) [əˈβɛ ðə]
  • IPA(key): (Balearic) [əˈvə ðə]
  • IPA(key): (Valencia) [aˈveɾ ðe]
  • Audio (Catalonia):(file)

Verb

haver de (first-person singular present he de, first-person singular preterite haguí de, past participle hagut de)

  1. must, to have to (requirement, obligation; auxiliary verb followed by an infinitive)
    He de fer alguna cosaI have to do something.
    Com que no hi havia taxis vaig haver de caminar.
    Since there were no taxis, I had to walk.
  2. must (probable, certain; followed by an infinitive)
    Les claus han de ser al calaixThe keys must be in the drawer.

Conjugation

As haver, but with alternative 1st person singular form haig.

Synonyms

Portuguese

Verb

haver de (first-person singular present hei de, first-person singular preterite houve de, past participle havido de)

  1. (auxiliary, slightly poetic) ought to; shall
    1. forms a future tense [with infinitive]
      Synonym: ir
      • 1880, Maria Amalia Vaz de Carvalho, “A morte de Bertha [Bertha’s death]”, in Contos e phantasias [Short stories and fantasies]‎[1], 2nd edition, Lisbon: Parceria Antonio Maria Pereira, published 1905, page 236:
        Como é bom ir para o céo! Nunca mais hei-de ter frio!
        It feels so good to go to heaven! I will never feel cold again!
      • 1977, Guilherme Arantes, “Amanhã”, in Ronda Noturna, Som Livre:
        Amanhã, a luminosidade / Alheia a qualquer vontade / Há de imperar
        Tomorrow, luminosity / A stranger to anyone’s wills / Shall reign
      • 1978, Chico Buarque, “Apesar de Você”, in Chico Buarque, PolyGram:
        Apesar de você / Amanhã há de ser outro dia
        In spite of you / Tomorrow ought to be a new day
      • 1984, Caetano Veloso, “Língua”, in Velô, Philips Records:
        E sei que a poesia está para prosa / Assim como o amor está para a amizade / E quem há de negar que esta lhe é superior?
        And I know poetry is to prose / As love is to friendship / And who ought to deny the latter is superior?
      • 1997, Gilberto Gil, “Estrela”, in Quanta, Warner Music:
        Há de surgir / Uma estrela no céu / Cada vez que ocê sorrir
        Há de apagar / Uma estrela no céu / Cada vez que ocê chorar
        A star in the sky / Shall appear / Every time you smile
        A star in the sky / Shall burn out / Every time you cry
    2. indicates duty [with infinitive]
      Synonyms: ter que, ter de, dever

Usage notes

  • In European Portuguese, between 1945 and 1990, monosyllabic forms of this verb were hyphenated: hei-de, hás-de, há-de, hão-de; if a proclitic pronoun followed, it would also be joined with a hyphen. This was done to indicate how de and any clitic pronouns are not stressed in speech.[1]
    • Hei-de-lhe dizer.I must tell you.
    • Hás-de-me ajudar.You must help me.
  • Prior to the first spelling reforms of Portuguese, hyphenated and spaced spellings coexisted. Brazil’s 1943 reform made the spaced spelling official.

Conjugation

References