Swahili
Etymology
From the same root as -inama + -ua (conversive).
Pronunciation
Verb
-inua (infinitive kuinua)
- to lift, elevate, raise
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -inua
|
| Positive present
|
-nainua
|
| Subjunctive
|
-inue
|
| Negative
|
-inui
|
| Imperative singular
|
inua
|
|
| Infinitives
|
| Positive
|
kuinua
|
| Negative
|
kutoinua
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
inua
|
| Plural
|
inueni
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
huinua
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -liinua
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kuinua
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -nainua)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninainua/nainua
|
tunainua
|
| 2nd person
|
unainua
|
mnainua
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anainua
|
wanainua
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -nainua
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -inui)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
siinui
|
hatuinui
|
| 2nd person
|
huinui
|
hamwinui
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
hainui
|
hawainui
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -inui
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -tainua
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -tainua
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -inue)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
niinue
|
tuinue
|
| 2nd person
|
uinue
|
mwinue
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
ainue
|
wainue
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -inue
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -siinue
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngeinua
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singeinua
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngaliinua
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singaliinua
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -ainua)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nainua
|
twainua
|
| 2nd person
|
wainua
|
mwainua
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
ainua
|
wainua
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
wainua
|
yainua
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
lainua
|
yainua
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
chainua
|
vyainua
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yainua
|
zainua
|
| u(XI)
|
wainua
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwainua
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
painua
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwainua
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -meinua
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -meshainua
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -jainua
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kiinua
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -sipoinua
|
| Consecutive
|
kainua / positive subject concord + -kainua
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -kainue
|
|
| Object concord (indicative positive)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
-niinua
|
-tuinua
|
| 2nd person
|
-kuinua
|
-wainua/-kuinueni/-wainueni
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
-mwinua
|
-wainua
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-uinua
|
-iinua
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-liinua
|
-yainua
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kiinua
|
-viinua
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-iinua
|
-ziinua
|
| u(XI)
|
-uinua
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kuinua
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-painua
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-muinua
|
|
| Reflexive
|
-jiinua
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -inua- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-inuaye
|
-inuao
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-inuao
|
-inuayo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-inualo
|
-inuayo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-inuacho
|
-inuavyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-inuayo
|
-inuazo
|
| u(XI)
|
-inuao
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-inuako
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-inuapo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-inuamo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -inua)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yeinua
|
-oinua
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-oinua
|
-yoinua
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-loinua
|
-yoinua
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-choinua
|
-vyoinua
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yoinua
|
-zoinua
|
| u(XI)
|
-oinua
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-koinua
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-poinua
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-moinua
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
|
Derived terms