Central Tarahumara
Etymology
From kalí (“house”).
Verb
kaliwa (future kaliima, past participle kalíwami, preterite kaliili)
- (intransitive) have a house
References
- Hilton, K. Simón (1993) Diccionario tarahumara de Samachique, Chihuahua, México (Serie de vocabularios y diccionarios indígenas “Mariano Silva y Aceves”; 101)[1] (in Spanish), special corrected and updated edition, Tucson: Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, page 3
- Hilton, K. Simón with Shoemaker, Wes (2016) Diccionario tarahumara actualizado[2] (in Spanish), draft edition, SIL International, page 21
Swahili
Pronunciation
Verb
-kaliwa (infinitive kukaliwa)
- Passive form of -kaa: to be sat on
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -kaliwa
|
| Positive present
|
-nakaliwa
|
| Subjunctive
|
-kaliwe
|
| Negative
|
-kaliwi
|
| Imperative singular
|
kaliwa
|
|
| Infinitives
|
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
kaliwa
|
| Plural
|
kaliweni
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
hukaliwa
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -likaliwa
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kukaliwa
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -nakaliwa)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninakaliwa/nakaliwa
|
tunakaliwa
|
| 2nd person
|
unakaliwa
|
mnakaliwa
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anakaliwa
|
wanakaliwa
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -nakaliwa
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -kaliwi)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
sikaliwi
|
hatukaliwi
|
| 2nd person
|
hukaliwi
|
hamkaliwi
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
hakaliwi
|
hawakaliwi
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -kaliwi
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -takaliwa
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -takaliwa
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -kaliwe)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nikaliwe
|
tukaliwe
|
| 2nd person
|
ukaliwe
|
mkaliwe
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
akaliwe
|
wakaliwe
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -kaliwe
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -sikaliwe
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngekaliwa
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singekaliwa
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngalikaliwa
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singalikaliwa
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -akaliwa)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nakaliwa
|
twakaliwa
|
| 2nd person
|
wakaliwa
|
mwakaliwa
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
akaliwa
|
wakaliwa
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
wakaliwa
|
yakaliwa
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
lakaliwa
|
yakaliwa
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
chakaliwa
|
vyakaliwa
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yakaliwa
|
zakaliwa
|
| u(XI)
|
wakaliwa
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwakaliwa
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
pakaliwa
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwakaliwa
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -mekaliwa
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -meshakaliwa
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -jakaliwa
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kikaliwa
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -sipokaliwa
|
| Consecutive
|
kakaliwa / positive subject concord + -kakaliwa
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -kakaliwe
|
|
| Object concord (indicative positive)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
-nikaliwa
|
-tukaliwa
|
| 2nd person
|
-kukaliwa
|
-wakaliwa/-kukaliweni/-wakaliweni
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
-mkaliwa
|
-wakaliwa
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-ukaliwa
|
-ikaliwa
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-likaliwa
|
-yakaliwa
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kikaliwa
|
-vikaliwa
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-ikaliwa
|
-zikaliwa
|
| u(XI)
|
-ukaliwa
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kukaliwa
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-pakaliwa
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-mukaliwa
|
|
| Reflexive
|
-jikaliwa
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -kaliwa- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-kaliwaye
|
-kaliwao
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-kaliwao
|
-kaliwayo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-kaliwalo
|
-kaliwayo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kaliwacho
|
-kaliwavyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-kaliwayo
|
-kaliwazo
|
| u(XI)
|
-kaliwao
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kaliwako
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-kaliwapo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-kaliwamo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -kaliwa)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yekaliwa
|
-okaliwa
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-okaliwa
|
-yokaliwa
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lokaliwa
|
-yokaliwa
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-chokaliwa
|
-vyokaliwa
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yokaliwa
|
-zokaliwa
|
| u(XI)
|
-okaliwa
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kokaliwa
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-pokaliwa
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-mokaliwa
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
|
Tagalog
Etymology
From Proto-Philippine *kali(n)wala with elision of the second /l/, from Southern Proto-Philippine *walah. Compare Bikol Central wala, Asi wala, Aklanon waea, Cebuano wala, Butuanon kawa, Surigaonon waya, and Tausug lawa.
Pronunciation
- (Standard Tagalog) IPA(key): /kaliˈwaʔ/ [kɐ.lɪˈwaʔ]
- Rhymes: -aʔ
- Syllabification: ka‧li‧wa
Adjective
kaliwâ (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜎᜒᜏ)
- left (of direction)
- Antonym: kanan
- (politics) left; left-wing
- Synonym: makakaliwa
Usage notes
- This Tagalog term has special usage when using public transportation in the Philippines. See Appendix:Philippine commuter jargon for more details.
Noun
kaliwâ (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜎᜒᜏ)
- left (direction)
- Antonym: kanan
- left hand (specifically)
Derived terms
See also
Further reading
- “kaliwa”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
Anagrams