English
Noun
kerana (plural keranas)
- (music) A long Persian trumpet.
Estonian
Noun
kerana
- essive singular of kera
Javanese
Romanization
kerana
- romanization of ꦏꦼꦫꦤ
Malay
- (now chiefly Indonesian) karena
- (common in music) kerena
Etymology
Borrowed from Sanskrit कारण (kāraṇa, “cause; reason”) (compare Indonesian karena). Doublet of kerani.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kərana/
- Rhymes: -na, -a
- Hyphenation: ke‧ra‧na
Conjunction
kerana (Jawi spelling کران)
- because
- Synonyms: akibat, lantaran, disebabkan, oleh sebab, sebab
2000, “Keranamu Malaysia”, Siso Kopratasa (Syed Indera Syed Omar) (lyrics), Pak Ngah (Suhaimi Mohd Zain) (music):Keranamu kami bebas merdeka,
Keranamu nyawa dipertaruhkan,
Keranamu rela kami berjuang,
Demi bangsa kedaulatan negara.- Because of you we are free and independent,
Because of you lives were at stake,
Because of you we are willing to fight,
For our nation and sovereignty.
Usage notes
- kerana is usually used in the middle of a sentence and not at the beginning of a sentence.
- Note that kerana may somewhat be seen as more formal than sebab by some Malaysian grammarians even though Kamus Dewan makes no such distinction.
Derived terms
Further reading
Swahili
Verb
-kerana (infinitive kukerana)
- Reciprocal form of -kera
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -kerana
|
| Positive present
|
-nakerana
|
| Subjunctive
|
-kerane
|
| Negative
|
-kerani
|
| Imperative singular
|
kerana
|
|
| Infinitives
|
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
kerana
|
| Plural
|
keraneni
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
hukerana
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -likerana
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kukerana
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -nakerana)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninakerana/nakerana
|
tunakerana
|
| 2nd person
|
unakerana
|
mnakerana
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anakerana
|
wanakerana
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -nakerana
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -kerani)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
sikerani
|
hatukerani
|
| 2nd person
|
hukerani
|
hamkerani
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
hakerani
|
hawakerani
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -kerani
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -takerana
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -takerana
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -kerane)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nikerane
|
tukerane
|
| 2nd person
|
ukerane
|
mkerane
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
akerane
|
wakerane
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -kerane
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -sikerane
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngekerana
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singekerana
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngalikerana
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singalikerana
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -akerana)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nakerana
|
twakerana
|
| 2nd person
|
wakerana
|
mwakerana
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
akerana
|
wakerana
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
wakerana
|
yakerana
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
lakerana
|
yakerana
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
chakerana
|
vyakerana
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yakerana
|
zakerana
|
| u(XI)
|
wakerana
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwakerana
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
pakerana
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwakerana
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -mekerana
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -meshakerana
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -jakerana
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kikerana
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -sipokerana
|
| Consecutive
|
kakerana / positive subject concord + -kakerana
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -kakerane
|
| Object concord
|
—
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + -kerana- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-keranaye
|
-keranao
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-keranao
|
-keranayo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-keranalo
|
-keranayo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-keranacho
|
-keranavyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-keranayo
|
-keranazo
|
| u(XI)
|
-keranao
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-keranako
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-keranapo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-keranamo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + -kerana)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yekerana
|
-okerana
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-okerana
|
-yokerana
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lokerana
|
-yokerana
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-chokerana
|
-vyokerana
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yokerana
|
-zokerana
|
| u(XI)
|
-okerana
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kokerana
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-pokerana
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-mokerana
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
|