panga

• IPA^(key): /ˈpaŋɡə/

• Audio (Southern England):

  (file)

From Swahili panga (“machete”).

panga (plural pangas)

1. (East Africa, South Africa) A large broad-bladed knife.
   • 1967, Ngugi wa Thiong'o, A Grain of Wheat, EAEP, published 2008, page 77:

     She turned to the small basket she was carrying and took out a panga.

   • 1978, André Brink, Rumours of Rain, Vintage, published 2000, page 73:

     Charlie had told me what it had looked like immediately after the riots. Bodies hacked to pieces with pangas.

   • 1994, Nelson Mandela, Long Walk to Freedom, Abacus, published 2010, page 690:

     I pleaded with them to lay down their arms, to take each other's hands in peace: ‘Take your guns, your knives and your pangas, and throw them into the sea!’

Back-formation from the plural, from the stem of translingual Pangasius (genus name), from Bengali পাঙ্গাশ (paṅgaś, “mud- or brown-coloured fish”).

panga (plural pangas)

1. Any of various edible freshwater fish of the genus Pangasius, native to southeast Asia, especially an iridescent shark, Pangasius hypophthalmus, now reclassified as Pangasianodon hypophthalmus.
2. A type of modest-sized, open, outboard-powered, fishing boat common throughout much of the developing world, including Central America, the Caribbean, parts of Africa, the Middle East, and much of Asia.

From Spanish panga (“motorboat”).

panga (plural pangas)

1. A small inflatable motorboat used in Latin America.

• panga panga

• Pagan, pagan

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *paŋah, from Proto-Austronesian *paŋa.

• IPA^(key): /paˈŋa/ [paˈŋa]
• Hyphenation: pa‧nga

pangá (Basahan spelling ᜉᜅ)

1. (anatomy) jaw, jawbone

   Synonym: salang

• IPA^(key): /paˈŋa/ [paˈŋa]
• Hyphenation: pa‧nga

pangá (Basahan spelling ᜉᜅ)

1. a framework built on a boat over which the large, thick mat is placed so that it may serve as an awning

• IPA^(key): /ˈpaŋa/ [ˈpa.ŋa]
• Hyphenation: pa‧nga

pánga (Basahan spelling ᜉᜅ)

1. a mark that one places on a tree that one has sown with a root crop, so that no one else will cut the tree or work the field

• Hyphenation: pa‧nga

panga

1. a forked stick

Inherited from Proto-Bantu *-pánga.

• IPA^(key): /ˈpa.ᵑɡa/

-panga (infinitive kupánga)

1. to build
2. to make

• Verbal derivations:
  • Applicative: -pangira
  • Causative: -pangitsa
  • Conversive: -pasula
  • Negative: -sapanga
  • Passive: -pangidwa
  • Reduplicative: -pangapanga
  • Repetitive: -panganso
  • Stative: -pangika

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *paŋah.

panga

1. (anatomy) jaw

Probably borrowed from English panga, from New Latin Pangasius, ultimately from Bengali পাঙ্গাশ (paṅgaś).

• IPA^(key): /ˈpɑŋ.ɡaː/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: pan‧ga
• Rhymes: -ɑŋɡaː

panga m (plural panga's)

1. panga, pangasius, swai; fish of the genus Pangasius, especially when used as food

   Synonym: pangasius

• pangafilet

Inherited from Proto-Austronesian *paŋa.

panga

1. branch (of a tree)

panga

1. genitive singular of pank

Inherited from Proto-Austronesian *paŋa.

panga

1. branch (of a tree)

From Swahili panga.

panga f (plural pangadu n)

1. knife

• Mous, Maarten, Qorro, Martha, Kießling, Roland (2002) Iraqw-English Dictionary (Kuschitische Sprachstudien), volume 18, Köln, Germany: Rüdiger Köppe Verlag, →ISBN, page 69

Inherited from Proto-Austronesian *paŋa.

• IPA^(key): /ˈpaŋa/ [ˈpaː.ŋʌ]
• Rhymes: -aŋa
• Syllabification: pa‧nga

panga

1. branch (of a tree)

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *paŋah.

• IPA^(key): /pəˈŋa/ [pəˈŋä]
• Hyphenation: pa‧nga

panga

1. (anatomy) jaw; jawbone

Inherited from Proto-Austronesian *paŋa.

panga

1. branch (of a tree)

Inherited from Proto-Austronesian *paŋa.

panga

1. branch (of a tree)

Inherited from Proto-Austronesian *paŋa.

panga

1. branch (of a tree)

From Proto-Kuki-Chin *ŋaa, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *l/b-ŋa.

panga

1. five

• Matu (Chin) Dictionary by Ropna Saruum, Matupi 2007

• IPA^(key): /ˈpanɡa/ [ˈpãŋ.ɡa]
• Rhymes: -anɡa
• Syllabification: pan‧ga

panga f (plural pangas)

1. (Latin America) panga (small inflatable motorboat used in Latin America)
2. (Spain) swai, iridescent shark (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus)
3. (zoology) torpedo scad (Pterogymnus laniarius)

• “panga”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 10 December 2024

Inherited from Proto-Bantu [Term?].

• (Unguja standard) IPA^(key): /ˈpɑ.ᵑɡɑ/

• Audio (Kenya):

  (file)

panga class IX (plural panga class X)

1. machete, panga (broad knife)
   • 2019 June 10, “Wanawake wa Kigoma watoroka wakihofia wabakaji Tanzania maarufu 'Teleza' [Kigoma women flee in fear of Tanzanian rapists 'Teleza']”, in BBC News Swahili‎^[1]:

     'Silaha yao (teleza) kubwa ni kisu na panga.'

     'Their (Teleza's) chief weapons are the knife and the machete.'

• upanga (“sword”)

Inherited from Proto-Bantu [Term?].

-panga (infinitive kupanga)

1. to arrange, classify, plan, organize, set up
   • 2018 December 13, “'John Bolton amepewa jukumu la kupanga jinsi ya kuniangamiza' ['John Bolton has been given the job of planning how to destroy me']”, in BBC News Swahili‎^[2]:

     Bwana Maduro aliwahi kuituhumu Marekani, Colombia na upinzani kwa kupanga njama ya kumuua.

     Mr. Maduro has accused the United States, Colombia, and the opposition of plotting to kill him.

2. to rent
3. to live together, cohabit
4. (with mtoto) to adopt

   Synonym: -asilisha

   • 2017 February 7, “Madona aruhusiwa kupanga watoto 2 kutoka Malawi”, in BBC News Swahili‎^[3]:

     Madona aruhusiwa kupanga watoto 2 kutoka Malawi

     Madonna is allowed to adopt 2 children from Malawi

Conjugation of -panga
Positive present -napanga Subjunctive -pange Negative -pangi Imperative singular panga
Infinitives
Positive kupanga Negative kutopanga
Imperatives
Singular panga Plural pangeni
Tensed forms
Habitual hupanga Positive past positive subject concord + -lipanga Negative past negative subject concord + -kupanga
Positive present (positive subject concord + -napanga) Singular Plural 1st person ninapanga/napanga tunapanga 2nd person unapanga mnapanga 3rd person m-wa(I/II) anapanga wanapanga other classes positive subject concord + -napanga
Negative present (negative subject concord + -pangi) Singular Plural 1st person sipangi hatupangi 2nd person hupangi hampangi 3rd person m-wa(I/II) hapangi hawapangi other classes negative subject concord + -pangi
Positive future positive subject concord + -tapanga Negative future negative subject concord + -tapanga
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -pange) Singular Plural 1st person nipange tupange 2nd person upange mpange 3rd person m-wa(I/II) apange wapange other classes positive subject concord + -pange
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sipange Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngepanga Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singepanga Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalipanga Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalipanga
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -apanga) Singular Plural 1st person napanga twapanga 2nd person wapanga mwapanga 3rd person m-wa(I/II) apanga wapanga m-mi(III/IV) wapanga yapanga ji-ma(V/VI) lapanga yapanga ki-vi(VII/VIII) chapanga vyapanga n(IX/X) yapanga zapanga u(XI) wapanga see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) kwapanga pa(XVI) papanga mu(XVIII) mwapanga
Perfect positive subject concord + -mepanga "Already" positive subject concord + -meshapanga "Not yet" negative subject concord + -japanga "If/When" positive subject concord + -kipanga "If not" positive subject concord + -sipopanga Consecutive kapanga / positive subject concord + -kapanga Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kapange
Object concord (indicative positive) Singular Plural 1st person -nipanga -tupanga 2nd person -kupanga -wapanga/-kupangeni/-wapangeni 3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mpanga -wapanga m-mi(III/IV) -upanga -ipanga ji-ma(V/VI) -lipanga -yapanga ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kipanga -vipanga n(IX/X) -ipanga -zipanga u(XI) -upanga see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kupanga pa(XVI) -papanga mu(XVIII) -mupanga Reflexive -jipanga
Relative forms General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -panga- + relative marker) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -pangaye -pangao m-mi(III/IV) -pangao -pangayo ji-ma(V/VI) -pangalo -pangayo ki-vi(VII/VIII) -pangacho -pangavyo n(IX/X) -pangayo -pangazo u(XI) -pangao see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -pangako pa(XVI) -pangapo mu(XVIII) -pangamo Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -panga) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -yepanga -opanga m-mi(III/IV) -opanga -yopanga ji-ma(V/VI) -lopanga -yopanga ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chopanga -vyopanga n(IX/X) -yopanga -zopanga u(XI) -opanga see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kopanga pa(XVI) -popanga mu(XVIII) -mopanga
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

• Verbal derivations:
  • Applicative: -pangia
  • Causative: -pangisha
  • Conversive: -pangua (“to disarrange”)
  • Passive: -pangwa (“to be arranged, to be assigned”), -pangiwa
  • Reciprocal: -pangana
  • Stative: -pangika
  • Other formations: -pangilia

• Nominal derivations:
  • mpangaji (“tenant”)
  • mpango (“plan”)
  • pango (“rent”)
  • upangaji (“arranging; renting, rental; adoption”)

• (Unguja standard) IPA^(key): /ˈpɑ.ᵑɡɑ/
• (Kimvita) IPA^(key): /ˈpʰɑ.ᵑɡɑ/

panga

1. plural of upanga

pang (“bang”) +‎ -a

panga (present pangar, preterite pangade, supine pangat, imperative panga)

1. (colloquial) to bang (emit bangs, for example by shooting)

   att panga på

   to keep shooting

2. (colloquial) to break (usually a window)

   Han pangade en ruta med en felriktad spark på bollen

   He broke a window with a misaligned kick on the ball

• panga in Svensk ordbok (SO)
• panga in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
• panga in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *paŋah.

• (Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /paˈŋa/ [pɐˈŋa]
• Rhymes: -a
• Syllabification: pa‧nga

pangá (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜅ)

1. (anatomy) jaw; jawbone

   Synonym: sihang

• ganap, pag- -an, panag-, Gapan

Inherited from Proto-Bantu *-pánga.

-panga (infinitive kupanga)

1. to make

• -panga fundo (“to instruct, to give instructions”)
• vipango (“instructions”)

• William Y. Turner (1996) Tumbuka/Tonga-English and English - Tumbuka/Tonga Dictionary‎^[4], Central Africana Limited, page 100

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *paŋah.

panga

1. (anatomy) jaw; jawbone

Inherited from Proto-Austronesian *paŋa.

pangá

1. branch (of a tree)

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *paŋah.

pangá

1. (anatomy) (lower) jaw