Swahili
Etymology
From Arabic رَضِيَ (raḍiya) or a related form from that root.[1]
Pronunciation
- (Unguja standard) IPA(key): /ˈɾɑ.ði/
- (unadapted from Arabic) IPA(key): /ˈɾɑ.ðˤi̹/
Verb
-radhi (infinitive kuradhi)
- to forgive, pardon
- to satisfy, approve
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -radhi
|
| Positive present
|
-naradhi
|
| Subjunctive
|
-radhi
|
| Negative
|
-radhi
|
| Imperative singular
|
radhi
|
|
| Infinitives
|
| Positive
|
kuradhi
|
| Negative
|
kutoradhi
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
radhi
|
| Plural
|
radhini
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
huradhi
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -liradhi
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kuradhi
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -naradhi)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninaradhi/naradhi
|
tunaradhi
|
| 2nd person
|
unaradhi
|
mnaradhi
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anaradhi
|
wanaradhi
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -naradhi
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -radhi)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
siradhi
|
haturadhi
|
| 2nd person
|
huradhi
|
hamradhi
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
haradhi
|
hawaradhi
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -radhi
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -taradhi
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -taradhi
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -radhi)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
niradhi
|
turadhi
|
| 2nd person
|
uradhi
|
mradhi
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
aradhi
|
waradhi
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -radhi
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -siradhi
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngeradhi
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singeradhi
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngaliradhi
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singaliradhi
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -aradhi)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
naradhi
|
twaradhi
|
| 2nd person
|
waradhi
|
mwaradhi
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
aradhi
|
waradhi
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
waradhi
|
yaradhi
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
laradhi
|
yaradhi
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
charadhi
|
vyaradhi
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yaradhi
|
zaradhi
|
| u(XI)
|
waradhi
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwaradhi
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
paradhi
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwaradhi
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -meradhi
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -mesharadhi
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -jaradhi
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kiradhi
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -siporadhi
|
| Consecutive
|
karadhi / positive subject concord + -karadhi
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -karadhi
|
|
| Object concord (indicative positive)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
-niradhi
|
-turadhi
|
| 2nd person
|
-kuradhi
|
-waradhi/-kuradhini/-waradhini
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
-mradhi
|
-waradhi
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-uradhi
|
-iradhi
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-liradhi
|
-yaradhi
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kiradhi
|
-viradhi
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-iradhi
|
-ziradhi
|
| u(XI)
|
-uradhi
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kuradhi
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-paradhi
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-muradhi
|
|
| Reflexive
|
-jiradhi
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -radhi- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-radhiye
|
-radhio
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-radhio
|
-radhiyo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-radhilo
|
-radhiyo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-radhicho
|
-radhivyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-radhiyo
|
-radhizo
|
| u(XI)
|
-radhio
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-radhiko
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-radhipo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-radhimo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -radhi)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yeradhi
|
-oradhi
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-oradhi
|
-yoradhi
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-loradhi
|
-yoradhi
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-choradhi
|
-vyoradhi
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yoradhi
|
-zoradhi
|
| u(XI)
|
-oradhi
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-koradhi
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-poradhi
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-moradhi
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
|
Noun
radhi class IX (plural radhi class X)
- forgiveness
- satisfaction, approval, blessing
Adjective
radhi
- satisfied, approving, willing
References
- ^ Baldi, Sergio (30 November 2020) Dictionary of Arabic Loanwords in the Languages of Central and East Africa (Handbuch der Orientalistik; Erste Abteilung: Der Nahe und der Mittlere Osten; 145), Leiden • Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 122 Nr. 1086
Further reading