Swahili
Etymology
Borrowed from Arabic رَضِيَ (raḍiya).
Pronunciation
Verb
-ridhi (infinitive kuridhi)
- to approve, consent
- to satisfy, please
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -ridhi
|
| Positive present
|
-naridhi
|
| Subjunctive
|
-ridhi
|
| Negative
|
-ridhi
|
| Imperative singular
|
ridhi
|
|
| Infinitives
|
| Positive
|
kuridhi
|
| Negative
|
kutoridhi
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
ridhi
|
| Plural
|
ridhini
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
huridhi
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -liridhi
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kuridhi
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -naridhi)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninaridhi/naridhi
|
tunaridhi
|
| 2nd person
|
unaridhi
|
mnaridhi
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anaridhi
|
wanaridhi
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -naridhi
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -ridhi)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
siridhi
|
haturidhi
|
| 2nd person
|
huridhi
|
hamridhi
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
haridhi
|
hawaridhi
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -ridhi
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -taridhi
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -taridhi
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -ridhi)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
niridhi
|
turidhi
|
| 2nd person
|
uridhi
|
mridhi
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
aridhi
|
waridhi
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -ridhi
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -siridhi
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngeridhi
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singeridhi
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngaliridhi
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singaliridhi
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -aridhi)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
naridhi
|
twaridhi
|
| 2nd person
|
waridhi
|
mwaridhi
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
aridhi
|
waridhi
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
waridhi
|
yaridhi
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
laridhi
|
yaridhi
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
charidhi
|
vyaridhi
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yaridhi
|
zaridhi
|
| u(XI)
|
waridhi
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwaridhi
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
paridhi
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwaridhi
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -meridhi
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -mesharidhi
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -jaridhi
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kiridhi
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -siporidhi
|
| Consecutive
|
karidhi / positive subject concord + -karidhi
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -karidhi
|
|
| Object concord (indicative positive)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
-niridhi
|
-turidhi
|
| 2nd person
|
-kuridhi
|
-waridhi/-kuridhini/-waridhini
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
-mridhi
|
-waridhi
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-uridhi
|
-iridhi
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-liridhi
|
-yaridhi
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kiridhi
|
-viridhi
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-iridhi
|
-ziridhi
|
| u(XI)
|
-uridhi
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kuridhi
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-paridhi
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-muridhi
|
|
| Reflexive
|
-jiridhi
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -ridhi- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-ridhiye
|
-ridhio
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-ridhio
|
-ridhiyo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-ridhilo
|
-ridhiyo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-ridhicho
|
-ridhivyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-ridhiyo
|
-ridhizo
|
| u(XI)
|
-ridhio
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-ridhiko
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-ridhipo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-ridhimo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -ridhi)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yeridhi
|
-oridhi
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-oridhi
|
-yoridhi
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-loridhi
|
-yoridhi
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-choridhi
|
-vyoridhi
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yoridhi
|
-zoridhi
|
| u(XI)
|
-oridhi
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-koridhi
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-poridhi
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-moridhi
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
|
Derived terms