Swahili
Etymology
From -shika (“to hold, to stick”) + -ama.
Verb
-shikama (infinitive kushikama)
- to be attached
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -shikama
|
| Positive present
|
-nashikama
|
| Subjunctive
|
-shikame
|
| Negative
|
-shikami
|
| Imperative singular
|
shikama
|
|
| Infinitives
|
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
shikama
|
| Plural
|
shikameni
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
hushikama
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -lishikama
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kushikama
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -nashikama)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninashikama/nashikama
|
tunashikama
|
| 2nd person
|
unashikama
|
mnashikama
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anashikama
|
wanashikama
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -nashikama
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -shikami)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
sishikami
|
hatushikami
|
| 2nd person
|
hushikami
|
hamshikami
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
hashikami
|
hawashikami
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -shikami
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -tashikama
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -tashikama
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -shikame)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nishikame
|
tushikame
|
| 2nd person
|
ushikame
|
mshikame
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
ashikame
|
washikame
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -shikame
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -sishikame
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngeshikama
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singeshikama
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngalishikama
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singalishikama
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -ashikama)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nashikama
|
twashikama
|
| 2nd person
|
washikama
|
mwashikama
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
ashikama
|
washikama
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
washikama
|
yashikama
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
lashikama
|
yashikama
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
chashikama
|
vyashikama
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yashikama
|
zashikama
|
| u(XI)
|
washikama
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwashikama
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
pashikama
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwashikama
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -meshikama
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -meshashikama
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -jashikama
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kishikama
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -siposhikama
|
| Consecutive
|
kashikama / positive subject concord + -kashikama
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -kashikame
|
| Object concord
|
—
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + -shikama- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-shikamaye
|
-shikamao
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-shikamao
|
-shikamayo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-shikamalo
|
-shikamayo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-shikamacho
|
-shikamavyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-shikamayo
|
-shikamazo
|
| u(XI)
|
-shikamao
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-shikamako
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-shikamapo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-shikamamo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + -shikama)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yeshikama
|
-oshikama
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-oshikama
|
-yoshikama
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-loshikama
|
-yoshikama
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-choshikama
|
-vyoshikama
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yoshikama
|
-zoshikama
|
| u(XI)
|
-oshikama
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-koshikama
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-poshikama
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-moshikama
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
|
Derived terms