Swahili
Etymology
From tohara + -isha (causative affix).
Verb
-toharisha (infinitive kutoharisha)
- Causative form of tohara: to purify, to cleanse
1973, Mohammed S. Abdulla, Duniani kuna watu, page 3:[…] msalani ambako kulikuwa ni faragha ya mambo yote yanayohusu kujikosha, kujisafisha, kujinadhifisha, kujitoharisha na kusali.- […] the bathroom, where there was privacy for all things related to washing oneself, cleaning oneself, tidying oneself, purifying oneself, and praying.
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -toharisha
|
| Positive present
|
-natoharisha
|
| Subjunctive
|
-toharishe
|
| Negative
|
-toharishi
|
| Imperative singular
|
toharisha
|
|
| Infinitives
|
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
toharisha
|
| Plural
|
toharisheni
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
hutoharisha
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -litoharisha
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kutoharisha
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -natoharisha)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninatoharisha/natoharisha
|
tunatoharisha
|
| 2nd person
|
unatoharisha
|
mnatoharisha
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anatoharisha
|
wanatoharisha
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -natoharisha
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -toharishi)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
sitoharishi
|
hatutoharishi
|
| 2nd person
|
hutoharishi
|
hamtoharishi
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
hatoharishi
|
hawatoharishi
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -toharishi
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -tatoharisha
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -tatoharisha
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -toharishe)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nitoharishe
|
tutoharishe
|
| 2nd person
|
utoharishe
|
mtoharishe
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
atoharishe
|
watoharishe
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -toharishe
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -sitoharishe
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngetoharisha
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singetoharisha
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngalitoharisha
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singalitoharisha
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -atoharisha)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
natoharisha
|
twatoharisha
|
| 2nd person
|
watoharisha
|
mwatoharisha
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
atoharisha
|
watoharisha
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
watoharisha
|
yatoharisha
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
latoharisha
|
yatoharisha
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
chatoharisha
|
vyatoharisha
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yatoharisha
|
zatoharisha
|
| u(XI)
|
watoharisha
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwatoharisha
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
patoharisha
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwatoharisha
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -metoharisha
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -meshatoharisha
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -jatoharisha
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kitoharisha
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -sipotoharisha
|
| Consecutive
|
katoharisha / positive subject concord + -katoharisha
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -katoharishe
|
|
| Object concord (indicative positive)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
-nitoharisha
|
-tutoharisha
|
| 2nd person
|
-kutoharisha
|
-watoharisha/-kutoharisheni/-watoharisheni
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
-mtoharisha
|
-watoharisha
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-utoharisha
|
-itoharisha
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-litoharisha
|
-yatoharisha
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kitoharisha
|
-vitoharisha
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-itoharisha
|
-zitoharisha
|
| u(XI)
|
-utoharisha
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kutoharisha
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-patoharisha
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-mutoharisha
|
|
| Reflexive
|
-jitoharisha
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -toharisha- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-toharishaye
|
-toharishao
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-toharishao
|
-toharishayo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-toharishalo
|
-toharishayo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-toharishacho
|
-toharishavyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-toharishayo
|
-toharishazo
|
| u(XI)
|
-toharishao
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-toharishako
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-toharishapo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-toharishamo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -toharisha)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yetoharisha
|
-otoharisha
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-otoharisha
|
-yotoharisha
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lotoharisha
|
-yotoharisha
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-chotoharisha
|
-vyotoharisha
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yotoharisha
|
-zotoharisha
|
| u(XI)
|
-otoharisha
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kotoharisha
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-potoharisha
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-motoharisha
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
|
Derived terms