暹羅

Short for 暹羅斛／暹罗斛 (as recorded in the History of Ming), which was a combined name for two states in modern-day Thailand:

• 暹 (Xiān) is derived from 暹 (MC sjem), referring to the kingdom of Siam, likely the kingdom of Suvarnabhumi; and
• 羅斛／罗斛, the kingdom of Lavo (now called Lopburi).

The two kingdoms merged in the mid-14^th century to become the Ayutthaya Kingdom, and the combined Chinese name 暹羅 remained in use to refer to subsequent Thai kingdoms.

暹羅

1. (historical) Siam (former name of Thailand: a country in Southeast Asia)
   • c. 15th century, 馬歡, “蒲剌加國”, in 瀛涯勝覽; quoted in 三寶征夷集‎^[1], late Ming:

     此處舊不稱國，因海有五嶼之名，遂名曰五嶼。國無王，止有頭目掌管諸事。此也^{[sic – meaning 地]}屬暹羅所轄，歲輸金四十兩，否則差人征伐。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     此处旧不称国，因海有五屿之名，遂名曰五屿。国无王，止有头目掌管诸事。此也^{[sic – meaning 地]}属暹罗所辖，岁输金四十两，否则差人征伐。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     Cǐchù jiù bù chēng guó, yīn hǎi yǒu wǔ yǔ zhī míng, suì míng yuē wǔ yǔ. Guó wú wáng, zhǐ yǒu tóumù zhǎngguǎn zhūshì. Cǐ yě shǔ Xiānluó suǒ xiá, suì shū jīn sìshí liǎng, fǒuzé chāi rén zhēngfá. [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • 1902, James Dyer Ball, How to Speak Cantonese, second edition, Hongkong: Kelly & Walsh, pages 76–77:

     幾時有厦門波碌呢？我好中意食𡃉。暹羅嘅冇咁好、本地又好𠯋嘅。 [Cantonese, trad.]
     几时有厦门波碌呢？我好中意食𡃉。暹罗嘅冇咁好、本地又好𠯋嘅。 [Cantonese, simp.]

     gei² si^4-2 jau⁵ haa⁶ mun⁴ bo¹ luk¹ ni¹? ngo⁵ hou² zung¹ ji³ sik⁶ gaa³. cim³ lo^4-2 ge³ mou⁵ gam³ hou², bun² dei^6-2 jau⁶ hou² jai⁴ ge³. [Jyutping]

     When shall we get Amoy pumeloes? I like them very much. The Siamese ones are not as good, and the Cantonese are very bad.

     並且日本還想佔領菲律賓、暹羅、越南、馬來半島和荷屬東印度，把外國和中國切開，獨佔西南太平洋。 [MSC, trad.]
     并且日本还想占领菲律宾、暹罗、越南、马来半岛和荷属东印度，把外国和中国切开，独占西南太平洋。 [MSC, simp.]

     From: 1938, 毛澤東 (Mao Zedong), 《論持久戰》 (On Protracted War), 《毛澤東選集》. English translation based on the Foreign Languages Press edition

     Bìngqiě Rìběn hái xiǎng zhànlǐng Fēilǜbīn, Xiānluó, Yuènán, Mǎlái Bàndǎo hé Héshǔ Dōng Yìndù, bǎ wàiguó hé Zhōngguó qiēkāi, dúzhàn xīnán Tàipíngyáng. [Pinyin]

     Moreover, Japan wants to occupy the Philippines, Siam, Indo-China, the Malay Peninsula and the Dutch East Indies in order to cut off other countries from China and monopolize the southwestern Pacific.

Still used by some ethnic Chinese in Thailand to refer to modern-day Thailand.

• IPA^(key): [ɕa̠mɯ̟]

暹羅(しゃむ) or 暹羅(シャム) • (Shamu) 

1. obsolete spelling of シャム (“Siam”)^[1][2][3][4]
   • 1903, 巖谷小波, 洋行土產, volume 2, 博文館, page 271:

     此(この)間(あひだ)日(に)本(ほん)へも御(ご)來(らい)遊(いう)のあつた、暹羅(シヤム)の皇(くわう)太(たい)子(し)殿(でん)下(か)が、伯林(ベルリン)市(し)を見(み)舞(ま)はれたのは、たしか去(きよ)年(ねん)の五(ご)月(ぐわつ)頃(ごろ)であつた。

     Kono aida Nihon e mo go-raiyū no atta, Shamu no kōtaishi-denka ga, Berurin-shi o mimawareta no wa, tashika kyonen no go-gatsu-goro de atta.

     (please add an English translation of this example)

   • 1916, 來馬琢道, 南國順禮記, 平和書院, page 2:

     而(しか)して、最(もつと)も尊(そん)敬(けい)すべき釋(しやく)尊(そん)の御(お)舍(しや)利(り)は、世(せ)界(かい)唯(ゆゐ)一(いつ)の佛(ぶつ)敎(けう)國(こく)たる暹羅(しやむ)國(こく)の皇(くわう)帝(てい)陛(へい)下(か)へ寄(き)贈(そう)されたのである

     shikashite, mottomo sonkei-su-beki shakuson no o-shari wa, sekai yuiitsu no bukkyō-koku-taru Shamu-koku no kōtei-heika e kisō-sareta no de aru

     (please add an English translation of this example)

Ateji (当て字), from Chinese 暹羅 / 暹罗 (Xiānluó).

• IPA^(key): [ɕa̠mɯ̟ɾo̞]

暹(しゃむ)羅(ろ) or 暹羅(シャムロ) • (Shamuro) 

1. synonym of シャム (Shamu): (historical) Siam (former name of Thailand: a country in Southeast Asia)^[1][2][3][4]

暹羅

1. chữ Hán form of Xiêm La: (historical) Siam (former name of Thailand: a country in Southeast Asia)