突然

Chinese

		to dash; to move forward quickly	so; thus; like this so; thus; like this; ‑ly; correct; right
trad. (突然)		突	然
simp. ^#(突然)		突	然

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): tūrán, túrán

(Zhuyin): ㄊㄨㄖㄢˊ, ㄊㄨˊ ㄖㄢˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): dat⁶ jin⁴
Gan (Wiktionary): 'tiit⁶ len⁴
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): thut-yèn / thut-yàn

(Meixian, Guangdong): tud⁶ yan²
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): tu̍t-liân / tu̍t-jiân / thu̍t-jiân / thu̍t-liân
Wu (Northern, Wugniu): ⁸deq-zoe / ⁸deq-³zoe₆

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Mainland)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: tūrán
  - Zhuyin: ㄊㄨㄖㄢˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: turán
  - Wade–Giles: tʻu¹-jan²
  - Yale: tū-rán
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: turan
  - Palladius: тужань (tužanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰu⁵⁵ ʐän³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: túrán
  - Zhuyin: ㄊㄨˊ ㄖㄢˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: túrán
  - Wade–Giles: tʻu²-jan²
  - Yale: tú-rán
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: twuran
  - Palladius: тужань (tužanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰu³⁵ ʐän³⁵/
  - Homophones:
    [Show/Hide]
    ^edit
    ^edit
    徒然
    突然
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: dat⁶ jin⁴
  - Yale: daht yìhn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dat⁹ jin⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: ded⁶ yin⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tɐt̚² jiːn²¹/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: 'tiit⁶ len⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˈtʰɨt̚⁵ lɛn³⁵/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thut-yèn
  - Hakka Romanization System: tud^ˋ ien^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: tud⁵ yan²
  - Sinological IPA: /tʰut̚² i̯en¹¹/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thut-yàn
  - Hakka Romanization System: tud^ˋ (r)ian^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: tud⁵ yan²
  - Sinological IPA: /tʰut̚² (j)i̯an¹¹/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: tud⁶ yan²
  - Sinological IPA: /tʰut̚⁵ ian¹¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tu̍t-liân
  - Tâi-lô: tu̍t-liân
  - Phofsit Daibuun: dudlieen
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /tut̚⁴⁻³² liɛn²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /tut̚²⁴⁻² liɛn²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tu̍t-jiân
  - Tâi-lô: tu̍t-jiân
  - Phofsit Daibuun: dudjieen
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /tut̚⁴⁻³² ziɛn²³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /tut̚¹²¹⁻²¹ d͡ziɛn¹³/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thu̍t-jiân
  - Tâi-lô: thu̍t-jiân
  - Phofsit Daibuun: tudjieen
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰut̚⁴⁻³² ziɛn²³/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thu̍t-liân
  - Tâi-lô: thu̍t-liân
  - Phofsit Daibuun: tudlieen
  - IPA (Taipei): /tʰut̚⁴⁻³² liɛn²⁴/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁸deq-zoe
  - MiniDict: deh^入 zoe
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁵deq-zoe
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /dəʔ¹¹ zø²³/
- (Northern: Suzhou)
  - Wugniu: ⁸deq-³zoe₆
  - MiniDict: deh^入 zoe^去
  - Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /dəʔ²² zø⁵¹/

Adjective

突然

sudden; abrupt

Synonyms

突兀 (tūwù)

Adverb

突然

suddenly; abruptly
突然哭起來／突然哭起来 ― tūrán kū qǐlái ― to burst into tears

今天我突然就抑鬱了。 [MSC, trad.]
今天我突然就抑郁了。 [MSC, simp.]
Jīntiān wǒ tūrán jiù yìyù le. [Pinyin]
Today I suddenly started feeling depressed.

他突然就轉身走開了。 [MSC, trad.]
他突然就转身走开了。 [MSC, simp.]
Tā tūrán jiù zhuǎnshēn zǒukāi le. [Pinyin]
He abruptly turned on his heel and walked away.

我突然發現我們好像上了他的當。 [MSC, trad.]
我突然发现我们好像上了他的当。 [MSC, simp.]
Wǒ tūrán fāxiàn wǒmen hǎoxiàng shàng le tā de dàng. [Pinyin]
I suddenly discovered that we had been taken in by him.

Synonyms

edit

一下 (yīxià)
一下子 (yīxiàzi)
一舉 / 一举 (yījǔ)
一頭 / 一头 (yītóu)
乍然 (zhàrán) (literary)
倏忽 (literary)
卒爾 / 卒尔 (cù'ěr) (literary)
忽地 (hūdì)
忽然 (hūrán)
𢫦𢫦風 / 𢫦𢫦风 (Hakka)
暫 / 暂 (zàn) (literary)
猛 (měng)
猝然 (cùrán)
猛然 (měngrán)
猝爾 / 猝尔 (cù'ěr) (literary)
突然間 / 突然间 (tūránjiān)
豁然 (huòrán) (literary)
遽然 (jùrán) (literary)
陡 (dǒu) (literary, or in compounds)
陡然 (dǒurán)
霍然 (huòrán)
頓 / 顿 (literary)
頓然 / 顿然 (dùnrán)
驀地 / 蓦地
驀然 / 蓦然 (mòrán) (formal)
驟然 / 骤然 (zhòurán) (literary)

Dialectal synonyms of 突然 (“suddenly”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		突然, 忽然, 猝然
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		突然, 忽然, 猛然, 驀地, 乍然, 倏忽, 驟然, 猝然, 突然間, 冷不防, 一下, 一下子
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	忽然間, 冒猛地, 冒猛子, 冒冷子, 乍猛地, 乍乍地, 乍麼實兒, 虎拉巴兒, 一下兒, 一下子
	Taiwan	突然, 忽然, 突然間, 忽然間
	Singapore	突然, 忽然, 突然間, 忽然間
Jianghuai Mandarin	Yangzhou	突乎其然
Cantonese	Guangzhou	突然, 突然間, 突然之間, 失驚無神, 失驚忘神
	Hong Kong	突然, 突然間, 突然之間, 忽然, 忽然間, 忽然之間, 失驚無神, 失雞無神, 一下
	Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou)	忽然間
	Taishan	突然之間
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	突然
Gan	Nanchang	突然
Hakka	Meixian	玄工, 玄玄風, 突然
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	突然間, 忽然間
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	突然間, 忽然間
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	突然間, 忽然間
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	突然間, 忽然間
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	突然間, 忽然間
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	突然
	Hong Kong	陣時間
	Senai (Huiyang)	陣間
Northern Min	Jian'ou	臨陣, 三不臨陣
Southern Min	Xiamen	突然, 忽然, 暴其然, 無張無持, 無張持
	Quanzhou	突然, 忽然, 無張無持, 無張持
	Zhangzhou	突然, 忽然, 暴其然, 無張無持, 無張持, 喝一下
	Tainan	突然間, 忽然間, 雄雄, 無張持, 步頻
	Penang (Hokkien)	雄險
	Singapore (Hokkien)	突然間, 忽然間
	Manila (Hokkien)	忽然間
	Shantou	突然
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	突然
Wu	Shanghai	著生頭裡, 著陌生頭, 著陌生裡, 著末生頭, 辣陌生頭, 辣末生頭, 辣末生裡, 冷陌生頭, 突然之間, 突然, 忽聲能
Wu	Wenzhou	單下

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (突然):

→ Japanese: 突然(とつぜん) (totsuzen)
→ Korean: 돌연(突然) (doryeon)
→ Vietnamese: đột nhiên (突然)

Derived terms

突然襲擊 / 突然袭击 (tūránxíjī)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
突	然
とつ Grade: S	ぜん Grade: 4
on'yomi

Alternative spelling
(kyūjitai)

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) とつぜん [tòtsúzéń] (Heiban – [0])^[1]
IPA^(key): [to̞t͡sɨzẽ̞ɴ]

Adjective

突(とつ)然(ぜん) • (totsuzen) -na (adnominal 突(とつ)然(ぜん)な (totsuzen na), adverbial 突(とつ)然(ぜん)に (totsuzen ni))

sudden

Inflection

Inflection of 突然

Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形)	突然だろ	とつぜんだろ	totsuzen daro
Continuative (連用形)	突然で	とつぜんで	totsuzen de
Terminal (終止形)	突然だ	とつぜんだ	totsuzen da
Attributive (連体形)	突然な	とつぜんな	totsuzen na
Hypothetical (仮定形)	突然なら	とつぜんなら	totsuzen nara
Imperative (命令形)	突然であれ	とつぜんであれ	totsuzen de are
Key constructions
Informal negative	突然ではない突然じゃない	とつぜんではないとつぜんじゃない	totsuzen de wa nai totsuzen ja nai
Informal past	突然だった	とつぜんだった	totsuzen datta
Informal negative past	突然ではなかった突然じゃなかった	とつぜんではなかったとつぜんじゃなかった	totsuzen de wa nakatta totsuzen ja nakatta
Formal	突然です	とつぜんです	totsuzen desu
Formal negative	突然ではありません突然じゃありません	とつぜんではありませんとつぜんじゃありません	totsuzen de wa arimasen totsuzen ja arimasen
Formal past	突然でした	とつぜんでした	totsuzen deshita
Formal negative past	突然ではありませんでした突然じゃありませんでした	とつぜんではありませんでしたとつぜんじゃありませんでした	totsuzen de wa arimasen deshita totsuzen ja arimasen deshita
Conjunctive	突然で	とつぜんで	totsuzen de
Conditional	突然なら（ば）	とつぜんなら（ば）	totsuzen nara (ba)
Provisional	突然だったら	とつぜんだったら	totsuzen dattara
Volitional	突然だろう	とつぜんだろう	totsuzen darō
Adverbial	突然に	とつぜんに	totsuzen ni
Degree	突然さ	とつぜんさ	totsuzensa

Synonyms

急(きゅう) (kyū)

Adverb

突(とつ)然(ぜん) • (totsuzen)

suddenly

References

^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
突	然

Adverb

突然 • (doryeon) (hangeul 돌연)

hanja form^? of 돌연 (“suddenly; unexpectedly; abruptly; all of a sudden”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
突	然

Adverb

突然

chữ Hán form of đột nhiên (“suddenly”)

[NHK-1] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

[1]

Chinese

Pronunciation

Adjective

Synonyms

Adverb

Synonyms

Descendants

Derived terms

See also

Japanese

Pronunciation

Adjective

Inflection

Synonyms

Adverb

References

Korean

Adverb

Vietnamese

Adverb