糞
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Translingual
Han character
糞 (Kangxi radical 119, 米+11, 17 strokes, cangjie input 火木田廿金 (FDWTC), four-corner 90801, composition ⿱米異)
Derived characters
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 912, character 26
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 27102
- Dae Jaweon: page 1339, character 20
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3158, character 7
- Unihan data for U+7CDE
Chinese
| trad. | 糞 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 粪 | |
| alternative forms | ||
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 糞 |
|---|
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
| Small seal script |
Oracle bone: pictogram (象形): 3 dots + 𠀠 + 廾 + optional 帚 (zhǒu).
Small seal: pictogram (象形): 釆 + 𠦒 + 廾.
The current glyph is from the small seal script.
Etymology
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *brun (“excrement”) (STEDT). Cognate with Tibetan བྲུན (brun, “dung”).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): fan3
- Gan (Wiktionary): fiin4
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): feng3
- Northern Min (KCR): be̤̿ng
- Eastern Min (BUC): bóng
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 5fen
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): fen4
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: fèn
- Zhuyin: ㄈㄣˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: fèn
- Wade–Giles: fên4
- Yale: fèn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fenn
- Palladius: фэнь (fɛnʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /fən⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: fen4
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: fen
- Sinological IPA (key): /fən²¹³/
- (Dungan)
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: fan3
- Yale: fan
- Cantonese Pinyin: fan3
- Guangdong Romanization: fen3
- Sinological IPA (key): /fɐn³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fun / pun
- Hakka Romanization System: fun / bun
- Hagfa Pinyim: fun4 / bun4
- Sinological IPA: /fun⁵⁵/, /pun⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
- Guangdong: bun4
- Sinological IPA: /pun⁵³/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: be̤̿ng
- Sinological IPA (key): /pœyŋ³³/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pùn / hùn
- Tâi-lô: pùn / hùn
- Phofsit Daibuun: puxn, huxn
- IPA (Xiamen): /pun²¹/, /hun²¹/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /pun⁴¹/, /hun⁴¹/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /pun²¹/, /hun²¹/
- IPA (Taipei): /pun¹¹/, /hun¹¹/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /pun²¹/, /hun²¹/
- (Hokkien)
- pùn - vernacular;
- hùn - literary.
- Middle Chinese: pjunH
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*p[u]r-s/
- (Zhengzhang): /*pɯns/
Definitions
糞
- excrement; faeces; dung
- manure
- (literary, or in compounds) to apply manure to
- (literary, or in compounds) to clear away
Synonyms
- (excrement):
- (to apply manure to):
See also
- 米田共 (mǐtiángòng)
Compounds
- 佛頭著糞 / 佛头著粪
- 化糞池 / 化粪池 (huàfènchí)
- 底糞 / 底粪
- 扒糞的 / 扒粪的
- 拾糞人 / 拾粪人
- 擔糞 / 担粪
- 朽木糞土 / 朽木粪土
- 朽木糞牆 / 朽木粪墙 (xiǔmùfènqiáng)
- 視如糞土 / 视如粪土
- 糞便 / 粪便 (fènbiàn)
- 糞土 / 粪土 (fèntǔ)
- 糞坑 / 粪坑 (fènkēng)
- 糞壤 / 粪壤
- 糞壤窟室 / 粪壤窟室
- 糞夫 / 粪夫
- 糞棋 / 粪棋
- 糞汁 / 粪汁 (fènzhī)
- 糞球 / 粪球
- 糞窖子 / 粪窖子
- 糞筐 / 粪筐
- 糞箕 / 粪箕 (fènjī)
- 糞箕子 / 粪箕子 (fènjīzi)
- 糞肥 / 粪肥 (fènféi)
- 糞門 / 粪门 (fènmén)
- 糞除 / 粪除
- 糞青 / 粪青 (fènqīng)
- 背槽拋糞 / 背槽抛粪
- 著糞佛頭 / 著粪佛头
- 葉落糞本 / 叶落粪本
- 蠅糞點玉 / 蝇粪点玉
- 血糞 / 血粪
- 賤如糞土 / 贱如粪土
- 馬糞 / 马粪 (mǎfèn)
- 馬糞紙 / 马粪纸 (mǎfènzhǐ)
- 驢糞毬 / 驴粪球
- 鳥糞層 / 鸟粪层
Descendants
- → Vietnamese: phân
References
- Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A03073
- “糞”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
Kanji
Readings
Etymology 1
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 糞 |
| くそ Hyōgai |
| kun'yomi |
| Alternative spellings |
|---|
| 屎 クソ |
From Old Japanese,[1] in turn from Proto-Japonic *kuso.
Cognate with 臭い (kusai, “stinky, smelly”), 腐る (kusaru, “to rot, to become stinky”).[1]
Pronunciation
Noun
糞 • (kuso)
- (colloquial, often vulgar) feces, excrement
- (by extension, often vulgar) shit, crap, garbage, trash
- このノートパソコンはクソだ!
- Kono nōto pasokon wa kuso da!
- This laptop is shit!
- このノートパソコンはクソだ!
Derived terms
Idioms
- 糞の役にも立たぬ (kuso no yaku ni mo tatanu, “not even good for shit”); see also 役に立つ (yaku ni tatsu, “to be useful, to play a role”)
Interjection
糞 • (kuso)
Usage notes
- This is not considered as profane as the English glosses. For instance, a child of five using the Japanese interjection kuso would be unremarkable, whereas it would be very socially inappropriate for a child of five to use the English interjection shit.
Prefix
糞 • (kuso-)
- (derogatory) pejorative prefix
- 糞爺い
- kusojijī
- damn geezer
- 糞爺い
Suffix
糞 • (-kuso)
- crappy, for shit: a derogatory emphasizing suffix.
Etymology 2
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 糞 |
| ふん Hyōgai |
| on'yomi |
/pun/ → /fun/
From Middle Chinese 糞 (MC pjunH).
Pronunciation
Noun
糞 or 糞 • (fun)
Usage notes
- This noun specifically refers to the excrement of non-human animals; for human excrement, the term 大便 (daiben) is used.
- This term may be spelled as フン due to the complexity of the kanji 糞.
Etymology 3
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 糞 |
| ばば Hyōgai |
| kun'yomi |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 屎 |
Appears to derive from baby talk.[1][2] Compare English poopoo and Mandarin 㞎㞎 (bǎba).
Pronunciation
Noun
糞 • (baba)
Derived terms
- ばばっちい (babatchii, “dirty”, childish, literally “poopy”)
- ばっちい (batchii, “dirty”, childish, literally “poopy”)
- 猫糞 (nekobaba, literally “cat-poopoo”)
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Korean
Hanja
Vietnamese
Han character
糞: Hán Nôm readings: phẩn, phân
Noun
| chữ Hán Nôm in this term |
|---|
| 糞 |
糞