糟

See also: 蹧

糟	U+7CDF, 糟 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7CDF

← 糞
[U+7CDE]

CJK Unified Ideographs

糠 →
[U+7CE0]

Translingual

Han character

糟 (Kangxi radical 119, 米+11, 17 strokes, cangjie input 火木廿田日 (FDTWA), four-corner 9596₆, composition ⿰米曹)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 912, character 30
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 27104
Dae Jaweon: page 1339, character 21
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3158, character 2
Unihan data for U+7CDF

Chinese

trad.		糟
simp. ^#		糟
2nd round simp.		𮇘
alternative forms		𥽾

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 糟
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (曹) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
遭	*ʔsluː
糟	*ʔsluː
醩	*ʔsluːu
傮	*ʔsluː
槽	ʔsluː, zluː
曹	*zluː
螬	*zluː
漕	zluː, zluːs
嘈	*zluː
艚	*zluː
褿	*zluː
蓸	*zluː
慒	lju, zluːŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ʔsluː): semantic 米 + phonetic 曹 (OC *zluː). The original version is 𥽾. The radical of the rice perhaps is a reference to the liquor made out of fermented rice (see for instance 鬯) and the original meaning is "unfiltered", referred for instance to liquor and wine.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zāo (zao¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄗㄠ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zou¹
Gan (Wiktionary): zau¹
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): chô

(Meixian, Guangdong): zau¹
Eastern Min (BUC): cău
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): cho / chau

(Teochew, Peng'im): zao¹ / zo¹
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹tsau

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zāo
  - Zhuyin: ㄗㄠ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: zao
  - Wade–Giles: tsao¹
  - Yale: dzāu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzau
  - Palladius: цзао (czao)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɑʊ̯⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: zou¹
  - Yale: jōu
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzou¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: zou¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sou̯⁵⁵/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: zau¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sau⁴²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chô
  - Hakka Romanization System: zo^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: zo¹
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡so²⁴/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: zau¹
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sau⁴⁴/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: cău
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sau⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: cho
  - Tâi-lô: tso
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zoy
  - IPA (Taipei, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡so⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sɤ⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chau
  - Tâi-lô: tsau
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zaw
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sau³³/
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡sau⁴⁴/

Note:

cho/chau(Quanzhou) - literary;
chau - vernacular.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: zao¹ / zo¹
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsau / tso
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sau³³/, /t͡so³³/

Note:

zao1 - literary;
zo1 - vernacular.

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ¹tsau
  - MiniDict: tsau^平
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹tsau
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡sɔ⁵³/

Middle Chinese: tsaw

Rime
Character	糟
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	精 (13)
Final (韻)	豪 (89)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	作曹切
Baxter	tsaw
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡sɑu/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡sɑu/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡sɑu/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡saw/
Li Rong	/t͡sɑu/
Wang Li	/t͡sɑu/
Bernhard Karlgren	/t͡sɑu/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zāo
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zou¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ts]ˤu/

(Zhengzhang): /*ʔsluː/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	糟
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zāo
Middle Chinese	‹ tsaw ›
Old Chinese	/*[ts]ˁu/
English	dregs
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	糟
Reading #	1/1
No.	1150
Phonetic component	曹
Rime group	幽
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime
Old Chinese	/*ʔsluː/

Definitions

糟

alcohol dregs
to preserve food in alcohol or alcohol dregs
(informal) awful; messy; terrible; in bad shape
to decay; to decompose; to spoil
(literary, or in compounds) to damage; to cause destruction to; to harm

Synonyms

(awful):

Dialectal synonyms of 壞 (“bad; not good”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		惡
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		壞
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	壞, 賴
	Taiwan	壞
	Malaysia	壞
	Singapore	壞
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	壞, 孬, 賴
Central Plains Mandarin	Xi'an	瞎, 壞
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	壞
Southwestern Mandarin	Wuhan	壞, 拐
Jianghuai Mandarin	Yangzhou	壞
Jianghuai Mandarin	Hefei	壞
Cantonese	Guangzhou	壞, 弊, 衰
	Hong Kong	壞, 衰
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	衰
	Yangjiang	壞
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	衰
	Singapore (Guangfu)	衰
Gan	Nanchang	壞
Hakka	Meixian	壞
Hakka	Wuhua (Meilin)	衰
Jin	Taiyuan	賴, 壞
Northern Min	Jian'ou	壞, 獰
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	呆, 否
Southern Min	Xiamen	歹, 䆀
	Xiamen (Tong'an)	歹
	Quanzhou	歹
	Jinjiang	歹
	Nan'an	歹
	Shishi	歹
	Zhangzhou	䆀
	Zhao'an	䆀, 孬
	Tainan	歹
	Penang (Hokkien)	䆀, 歹
	Singapore (Hokkien)	歹
	Manila (Hokkien)	歹
	Datian	歹
	Chaozhou	孬
	Shantou	孬
	Jieyang	孬, 歹
	Puning	孬
	Singapore (Teochew)	歹, 孬
	Leizhou	㾀
	Wenchang	㾀
	Haikou	㾀
	Singapore (Hainanese)	㾀
Wu	Shanghai	壞, 恘
	Suzhou	壞, 恘
	Ningbo	歪, 推扳, 嘸做
	Wenzhou	毛
Xiang	Changsha	壞, 拐
Xiang	Shuangfeng	壞, 拐

(to decay):

edit

壞 / 坏 (huài)
朽壞 / 朽坏 (xiǔhuài)
朽弊 (xiǔbì) (literary)
朽敗 / 朽败 (xiǔbài)
朽爛 / 朽烂 (xiǔlàn) (literary)
朽腐 (xiǔfǔ)
糟朽 (zāoxiǔ) (literary)
腐敗 / 腐败 (fǔbài)
腐朽 (fǔxiǔ)
腐爛 / 腐烂 (fǔlàn)
臭爛 / 臭烂 (Xiamen Hokkien)
䭞 / 𬲳 (Hokkien)

(to damage):

edit

亂 / 乱 (luàn) (literary, or in compounds)
僝僽 (chánzhòu) (literary)
圮毀 / 圮毁 (pǐhuǐ) (literary)
壞 / 坏 (huài)
打掉 (dǎdiào)
損壞 / 损坏 (sǔnhuài)
損毀 / 损毁 (sǔnhuǐ)
搗砸 / 捣砸 (dau² zah⁵) (Jin)
摧殘 / 摧残 (cuīcán)
摧毀 / 摧毁 (cuīhuǐ)
毀 / 毁 (huǐ)
毀壞 / 毁坏 (huǐhuài)
毀損 / 毁损 (huǐsǔn)
決裂 / 决裂 (juéliè) (archaic)
破 (pò) (literary, or in compounds)
破壞 / 破坏 (pòhuài)
糟蹋 (zāotà)
隳 (huī) (literary, or in compounds)

Compounds

一團糟 / 一团糟 (yītuánzāo)
不棄糟糠 / 不弃糟糠 (bùqìzāokāng)
亂七八糟 / 乱七八糟 (luànqībāzāo)
亂糟糟 / 乱糟糟 (luànzāozāo)
污糟 (wūzāo)
烏七八糟 / 乌七八糟 (wūqībāzāo)
破米糟糖
糟丘
糟坊 (zāofáng)
糟心
糟擾 / 糟扰
糟粕 (zāopò)
糟糕 (zāogāo)
糟糠 (zāokāng)
糠糟
糟糠不厭 / 糟糠不厌
糟糠之妻 (zāokāngzhīqī)
糟糠妻
糟老頭兒 / 糟老头儿
糟豆腐
糟蹋 (zāotà)
糟錢兒 / 糟钱儿
糟頭 / 糟头
貧賤糟糠 / 贫贱糟糠
酒糟 (jiǔzāo)
酒糟頭 / 酒糟头
酒糟鼻 (jiǔzāobí)
醪糟 (láozāo)
鏖糟
餔糟啜醨 / 𫗦糟啜醨
餔糟歠醨 / 𫗦糟歠醨

Japanese

Kanji

糟

(Hyōgai kanji)

Readings

Go-on: そう (sō)^{←さう (sau, historical)}
Kan-on: そう (sō)^{←さう (sau, historical)}
Kun: かす (kasu, 糟)、もろみ (moromi, 糟)

Definitions

Kanji in this term
糟
かす Hyōgai
kun'yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 糟 – see the following entry.

【かすカス】

[noun] [from 934] 粕, 糟: in sake production, the dregs or lees left over after extracting the liquid from the fermented rice mash

[noun] [from 1820] 粕, 糟: (figurative) a scolding, terrible criticism (only used in this sense in the set phrase 粕(かす)を食(く)う, 糟(かす)を食(く)う (kasu o kuu, literally “to eat the dregs”))

Alternative spelling
粕

(This term, 糟, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Korean

Hanja

糟 • (jo) (hangeul 조, revised jo, McCune–Reischauer cho, Yale co)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

糟: Hán Nôm readings: tao^[1], tào^[1]

(literary, only used in compound tao khang) alcohol dregs

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Nguyễn et al. (2009).

[tdcntd-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Nguyễn et al. (2009).

[1]