Chinese
|
|
old; aged; venerable old; aged; venerable; outdated; experienced; (affectionate prefix)
|
outside; in addition; foreign outside; in addition; foreign; external
|
| trad. (老外)
|
老
|
外
|
| simp. #(老外)
|
老
|
外
|
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
Noun
老外
- (colloquial, sometimes humorous) foreigner, particularly a white Westerner (Classifier: 個/个 m)
- (informal) layman; amateur (Classifier: 個/个 m)
- (Cantonese) father-in-law (wife's father)
Usage notes
The term is othering and controversial, as it may be perceived as racist. It is, however, not necessarily derogatory.
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of
外國人 (“foreigner”)
[map]
| Variety
|
Location
|
Words
|
| Classical Chinese
|
夷, 夷人, 外夷, 四夷, 胡人
|
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese)
|
外國人, 外賓, 外人, 洋人
|
| Northeastern Mandarin
|
Beijing
|
老外, 色糖
|
| Taiwan
|
外國人, 老外
|
| Harbin
|
外國人, 老外
|
| Singapore
|
外國人
|
| Jilu Mandarin
|
Tianjin
|
老外
|
| Jinan
|
外國人, 老外, 洋人
|
| Jiaoliao Mandarin
|
Yantai (Muping)
|
外國人
|
| Central Plains Mandarin
|
Luoyang
|
老外, 洋人, 洋鬼子
|
| Wanrong
|
洋人
|
| Xi'an
|
老外, 洋人
|
| Yanqi
|
外國人
|
| Xuzhou
|
老外
|
| Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)
|
外國人, 夷人
|
| Lanyin Mandarin
|
Yinchuan
|
洋人, 老外, 洋鬼子
|
| Lanzhou
|
外國人
|
| Southwestern Mandarin
|
Chengdu
|
老外, 外國人, 洋人
|
| Wuhan
|
外國人, 洋人
|
| Guiyang
|
外國人, 洋人
|
| Kunming
|
老外, 洋老咪
|
| Guilin
|
外國人
|
| Liuzhou
|
老外
|
| Jianghuai Mandarin
|
Nanjing
|
外國人, 老外, 洋人, 洋鬼子
|
| Yangzhou
|
外國人, 老外
|
| Cantonese
|
Guangzhou
|
外國人, 老番
|
| Hong Kong
|
外國人
|
| Taishan
|
老外
|
| Dongguan
|
番鬼佬, 鬼佬
|
| Qinzhou
|
鬼佬, 外國佬, 番鬼佬
|
| Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô)
|
老番鬼
|
| Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà)
|
鬼佬
|
| Singapore (Guangfu)
|
外國人
|
| Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)
|
鬼佬
|
| Móng Cái
|
外國人, 鬼佬
|
| Yangon (Taishan)
|
紅毛鬼, 外國人
|
| Mandalay (Taishan)
|
外國人
|
| Gan
|
Nanchang
|
外國人, 洋人
|
| Pengze
|
外國佬
|
| Lichuan
|
外國人, 洋人
|
| Pingxiang
|
洋人
|
| Hakka
|
Meixian
|
外國人, 番人, 番仔, 番鬼
|
| Yudu
|
外國人, 外國佬, 洋人
|
| Miaoli (N. Sixian)
|
外國人
|
| Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)
|
外國人
|
| Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)
|
外國人
|
| Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)
|
外國人
|
| Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)
|
外國人
|
| Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)
|
外國人
|
| Huizhou
|
Jixi
|
外國佬
|
| Jin
|
Taiyuan
|
外國人, 洋人, 洋鬼子
|
| Xinzhou
|
外國人
|
| Northern Min
|
Jian'ou
|
外國人, 番仔
|
| Eastern Min
|
Fuzhou
|
番儂, 番囝, 番囝哥, 鬼佬
|
| Southern Min
|
Xiamen
|
外國儂, 番仔
|
| Quanzhou
|
番仔
|
| Hui'an
|
外國仔
|
| Zhangzhou
|
番仔
|
| Singapore (Hokkien)
|
外國儂
|
| Manila (Hokkien)
|
外國儂
|
| Shantou
|
外國儂, 番鬼, 番囝
|
| Jieyang
|
番囝, 番儂, 番囝鬼
|
| Singapore (Teochew)
|
外地儂, 外國儂
|
| Leizhou
|
番邦儂
|
| Puxian Min
|
Putian
|
番囝
|
| Xianyou
|
番囝
|
| Central Min
|
Nanping (Wangtai, Yanping)
|
外國人
|
| Zhongshan Min
|
Zhongshan (Sanxiang)
|
番鬼佬
|
| Southern Pinghua
|
Nanning (Tingzi)
|
外國人
|
| Wu
|
Shanghai
|
老外, 外國人, 外頭人, 洋人
|
| Shanghai (Chongming)
|
外國人
|
| Suzhou
|
外國人
|
| Danyang
|
老外, 洋人
|
| Hangzhou
|
外國佬兒
|
| Wenzhou
|
番人
|
| Jinhua
|
外國人, 外國佬, 洋鬼子兒
|
| Xiang
|
Changsha
|
外國人, 外國佬, 洋人子, 洋人
|
| Loudi
|
洋人, 外國佬
|
| Note
|
Terms that include 鬼 and/or 番 are potentially derogatory.
|
Dialectal synonyms of
西方人 (“Westerner; Caucasian”)
[map]
| Variety
|
Location
|
Words
|
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese)
|
西方人, 西洋人, 洋人, 白人, 白種人
|
| Northeastern Mandarin
|
Beijing
|
老外, 毛子
|
| Taiwan
|
洋人, 西洋人, 白人, 老外
|
| Malaysia
|
紅毛人
|
| Singapore
|
洋人, 外國佬
|
| Jilu Mandarin
|
Jinan
|
洋人, 洋鬼子
|
| Central Plains Mandarin
|
Wanrong
|
洋人
|
| Xi'an
|
洋人
|
| Lanyin Mandarin
|
Lanzhou
|
洋人
|
| Southwestern Mandarin
|
Wuhan
|
洋人, 高鼻子
|
| Liuzhou
|
番鬼佬
|
| Jianghuai Mandarin
|
Nanjing
|
洋鬼子
|
| Cantonese
|
Guangzhou
|
西人, 老西, 老番, 鬼佬, 番鬼佬, 鬼子佬, 紅毛頭, 紅毛 dated, 紅毛鬼 dated
|
| Hong Kong
|
西人, 白人, 鬼佬, 番鬼佬, 老番 dated, 紅毛鬼 dated, 白鬼 dated
|
| Macau
|
鬼佬
|
| Taishan
|
老番, 番鬼佬
|
| Kaiping (Chikan)
|
老番, 番鬼, 番鬼佬, 紅毛
|
| Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)
|
鬼佬
|
| Singapore (Guangfu)
|
鬼佬
|
| Gan
|
Nanchang
|
洋人
|
| Lichuan
|
洋人
|
| Pingxiang
|
洋人
|
| Hakka
|
Meixian
|
番人, 番鬼仔
|
| Yudu
|
洋人
|
| Miaoli (N. Sixian)
|
洋人, 西洋人, 阿啄仔, 鉤鼻仔, 紅毛番
|
| Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)
|
洋人, 西洋人, 阿啄仔, 鉤鼻仔, 紅毛番
|
| Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)
|
洋人, 西洋人, 阿啄仔, 鉤鼻仔, 紅毛番
|
| Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)
|
洋人, 西洋人, 鉤鼻公, 紅毛番
|
| Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)
|
洋人, 西洋人, 阿啄仔, 鉤鼻仔, 紅毛番
|
| Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)
|
西洋人, 紅毛番
|
| Kuching (Hepo)
|
紅毛人
|
| Southern Min
|
Xiamen
|
番仔, 阿啄仔, 紅毛番, 𧺤毛的, 番仔鬼
|
| Quanzhou
|
番仔, 紅毛番, 𧺤毛的
|
| Zhangzhou
|
番仔, 紅毛番, 𧺤毛的
|
| Kaohsiung
|
紅毛仔
|
| Changhua (Lukang)
|
阿啄仔
|
| Taichung
|
啄鼻仔
|
| Taichung (Wuqi)
|
阿啄仔
|
| Tainan
|
西洋儂, 阿啄仔, 啄鼻仔
|
| Taitung
|
阿啄仔
|
| Penang (Hokkien)
|
紅毛, 紅毛猴
|
| Singapore (Hokkien)
|
紅毛, 紅毛儂, 紅毛猴
|
| Manila (Hokkien)
|
化人, 白種人, 西洋儂, 西方人
|
| Shantou
|
番儂, 紅毛囝, 番囝
|
| Jieyang
|
紅毛, 紅毛囝, 紅毛鬼
|
| Singapore (Teochew)
|
紅毛, 紅毛儂
|
| Leizhou
|
鉤鼻鬼
|
| Haikou
|
番鬼, 紅毛, 高鼻綠目, 高鼻塌目
|
| Wu
|
Shanghai
|
洋人
|
| Wenzhou
|
番人, 高鼻頭
|
| Xiang
|
Changsha
|
紅毛洋人, 洋人子, 洋人
|
Dialectal synonyms of
岳父 (“father-in-law (wife's father)”)
[map]
| Variety
|
Location
|
Words
|
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese)
|
岳父, 岳丈
|
| Northeastern Mandarin
|
Beijing
|
老丈人, 丈人
|
| Taiwan
|
岳父
|
| Ulanhot
|
老丈人
|
| Tongliao
|
老丈人
|
| Chifeng
|
老丈人
|
| Hulunbuir (Hailar)
|
老丈人
|
| Harbin
|
老丈人
|
| Singapore
|
岳父
|
| Jilu Mandarin
|
Jinan
|
丈人, 老丈人, 岳父
|
| Jiaoliao Mandarin
|
Yantai (Muping)
|
丈爺, 丈人
|
| Central Plains Mandarin
|
Luoyang
|
丈人
|
| Wanrong
|
丈人
|
| Zhengzhou
|
老丈人, 丈人
|
| Xi'an
|
丈人爸, 丈人
|
| Xining
|
丈人
|
| Xuzhou
|
老丈人, 老丈母爹, 丈母爹, 老岳頭兒, 老岳
|
| Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)
|
丈人
|
| Lanyin Mandarin
|
Yinchuan
|
外父
|
| Bayanhot
|
外父
|
| Lanzhou
|
丈人爸
|
| Ürümqi
|
外父, 老丈人
|
| Southwestern Mandarin
|
Chengdu
|
老丈人, 岳父
|
| Wuhan
|
親爺, 老親爺, 丈人
|
| Guiyang
|
老丈人, 親爺
|
| Kunming
|
老丈人
|
| Liuzhou
|
丈人老, 岳父老
|
| Jianghuai Mandarin
|
Nanjing
|
丈人, 老丈人
|
| Yangzhou
|
丈人
|
| Nantong
|
丈人
|
| Hefei
|
老丈人, 丈人
|
| Huanggang
|
妻爺
|
| Cantonese
|
Guangzhou
|
外父, 丈人佬, 老外, 岳父, 岳丈
|
| Hong Kong
|
外父, 岳父
|
| Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou)
|
外父, 岳父, 主人公
|
| Foshan
|
外父
|
| Foshan (Shunde)
|
外父
|
| Zhongshan (Shiqi)
|
外父佬
|
| Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)
|
外父
|
| Taishan
|
外父
|
| Kaiping (Chikan)
|
外父
|
| Dongguan
|
丈人佬
|
| Shaoguan
|
外父, 外父佬
|
| Yunfu
|
外父佬
|
| Yangjiang
|
外老
|
| Xinyi
|
外父佬
|
| Lianjiang
|
外父佬
|
| Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)
|
岳父, 外父
|
| Singapore (Guangfu)
|
岳父
|
| Yangon (Taishan)
|
老外, 外父
|
| Mandalay (Taishan)
|
外父
|
| Gan
|
Nanchang
|
丈人, 丈人老子
|
| Lichuan
|
丈兒公
|
| Pingxiang
|
丈姨爺
|
| Hakka
|
Meixian
|
丈人老, 岳父
|
| Xingning
|
丈老
|
| Huidong (Daling)
|
丈人老
|
| Shaoguan (Qujiang)
|
丈人老
|
| Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang)
|
丈人老
|
| Changting
|
丈門老
|
| Wuping
|
丈人老
|
| Wuping (Pingyu)
|
丈人老
|
| Liancheng
|
丈母爺
|
| Ninghua
|
丈人
|
| Yudu
|
丈人, 丈人老
|
| Ruijin
|
丈人, 丈人爹
|
| Shicheng
|
丈人爹
|
| Shangyou (Shexi)
|
丈人老
|
| Miaoli (N. Sixian)
|
丈人老, 岳父
|
| Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)
|
丈人老, 岳父
|
| Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)
|
丈人老, 岳父
|
| Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)
|
丈人老, 岳父
|
| Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)
|
丈人老, 岳父
|
| Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)
|
丈㜷老
|
| Hong Kong
|
丈人老
|
| Sabah (Longchuan)
|
丈人老
|
| Senai (Huiyang)
|
丈人老
|
| Singkawang
|
丈人老
|
| Huizhou
|
Jixi
|
丈人, 丈人老
|
| Jin
|
Taiyuan
|
老丈人, 丈人
|
| Xinzhou
|
丈人, 老丈人, 外父
|
| Taibus (Baochang)
|
老丈人
|
| Linhe
|
外父
|
| Jining
|
外父
|
| Hohhot
|
外父
|
| Baotou
|
外父
|
| Dongsheng
|
外父
|
| Haibowan
|
外父
|
| Northern Min
|
Jian'ou
|
丈人
|
| Eastern Min
|
Fuzhou
|
丈儂
|
| Fuzhou (Changle)
|
丈儂
|
| Fuqing
|
丈儂
|
| Yongtai
|
丈儂
|
| Gutian
|
丈儂
|
| Fu'an
|
丈儂
|
| Ningde
|
丈儂
|
| Shouning
|
丈儂
|
| Zhouning
|
丈儂
|
| Fuding
|
丈面老
|
| Southern Min
|
Xiamen
|
丈儂, 丈儂公
|
| Quanzhou
|
丈儂, 丈儂公
|
| Jinjiang
|
丈儂
|
| Zhangzhou
|
丈儂, 丈儂公
|
| Taipei
|
丈儂
|
| Kaohsiung
|
丈儂
|
| Yilan
|
丈儂, 丈儂仔
|
| Changhua (Lukang)
|
丈儂
|
| Taichung
|
丈儂
|
| Taichung (Wuqi)
|
丈儂
|
| Tainan
|
丈儂, 丈儂爸
|
| Taitung
|
丈儂
|
| Hsinchu
|
丈儂
|
| Penghu (Magong)
|
丈儂
|
| Penang (Hokkien)
|
丈儂
|
| Singapore (Hokkien)
|
丈儂
|
| Manila (Hokkien)
|
丈儂
|
| Longyan
|
丈翁老
|
| Chaozhou
|
丈儂
|
| Shantou
|
丈儂
|
| Jieyang
|
丈儂
|
| Haifeng
|
丈儂
|
| Johor Bahru (Teochew)
|
丈儂
|
| Singapore (Teochew)
|
丈儂
|
| Leizhou
|
外家公, 外家公爸
|
| Wenchang
|
外家爸
|
| Haikou
|
外家爸
|
| Puxian Min
|
Putian
|
丈儂
|
| Xianyou
|
丈儂, 丈儂公
|
| Central Min
|
Yong'an
|
俺人, 丈人
|
| Shaojiang Min
|
Shaowu
|
丈人, 丈人公
|
| Southern Pinghua
|
Nanning (Tingzi)
|
外父老, 岳父
|
| Wu
|
Shanghai
|
丈人, 丈人阿伯, 丈人老頭, 泰山
|
| Shanghai (Chongming)
|
丈人
|
| Suzhou
|
丈人
|
| Danyang
|
老丈人, 丈人
|
| Hangzhou
|
丈人老頭兒
|
| Ningbo
|
丈人老頭, 丈人阿伯, 丈人
|
| Wenzhou
|
丈人老, 丈老, 丈人
|
| Jinhua
|
丈人
|
| Xiang
|
Changsha
|
岳老子, 丈人老子, 九尺五
|
| Loudi
|
丈人公
|
| Shuangfeng
|
丈人家, 丈老子, 乾爺
|
| Hengyang
|
岳老子, 丈老子
|
Descendants
See also
References