英雄

Chinese

	flower; hero; brave flower; hero; brave; outstanding; Britain (abbrev.); English	heroic; male
trad. (英雄)	英	雄
simp. ^#(英雄)	英	雄
2nd round simp.	英厷

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): yīngxióng

(Zhuyin): ㄧㄥㄒㄩㄥˊ

(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): йинщүн (yinxün, I-I)
Cantonese (Jyutping): jing¹ hung⁴
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): yîn-hiùng

(Hailu, HRS): rhin^ˋ hiung
Eastern Min (BUC): ĭng-hṳ̀ng
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): eng-hiông

(Teochew, Peng'im): êng¹ hiong⁵
Wu (Northern, Wugniu): ¹in-yon₆ / ¹in-yon₂

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yīngxióng
  - Zhuyin: ㄧㄥㄒㄩㄥˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yingsyóng
  - Wade–Giles: ying¹-hsiung²
  - Yale: yīng-syúng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ingshyong
  - Palladius: инсюн (insjun)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /iŋ⁵⁵ ɕi̯ʊŋ³⁵/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: йинщүн (yinxün, I-I)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /iŋ²⁴ ɕyŋ²⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: jing¹ hung⁴
  - Yale: yīng hùhng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jing¹ hung⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: ying¹ hung⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɪŋ⁵⁵ hʊŋ²¹/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yîn-hiùng
  - Hakka Romanization System: in^ˊ hiung^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yin¹ hiung²
  - Sinological IPA: /in²⁴ hi̯uŋ¹¹/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yîn-hiùng
  - Hakka Romanization System: (r)in^ˊ hiung^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yin¹ hiung²
  - Sinological IPA: /(j)in²⁴ hi̯uŋ¹¹/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: rhin^ˋ hiung
  - Sinological IPA: /ʒin⁵³ hiuŋ⁵⁵/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: ĭng-hṳ̀ng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /iŋ⁵⁵ ^(h-)ŋyŋ⁵³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: eng-hiông
  - Tâi-lô: ing-hiông
  - Phofsit Daibuun: enghioong
  - IPA (Xiamen): /iɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hiɔŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /iɪŋ³³ hiɔŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /iɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hiɔŋ¹³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /iɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hiɔŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /iɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hiɔŋ²³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: êng¹ hiong⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: eng hiông
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /eŋ³³⁻²³ hioŋ⁵⁵/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ¹in-yon₆
  - MiniDict: in^平 yon^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹in-hhion₃
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /in⁵⁵ ɦioŋ²¹/
- (Northern: Suzhou)
  - Wugniu: ¹in-yon₂
  - MiniDict: in^平 yon^平
  - Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /in⁴⁴ ɦioŋ/

Middle Chinese: 'jaeng hjuwng

Rime
Character	英	雄
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	影 (34)	云 (35)
Final (韻)	庚 (111)	東 (2)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	於驚切	羽弓切
Baxter	'jaeng	hjuwng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔˠiæŋ/	/ɦɨuŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔᵚiaŋ/	/ɦiuŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔiaŋ/	/ɣiuŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔiajŋ/	/ɦuwŋ/
Li Rong	/ʔiɐŋ/	/ɣiuŋ/
Wang Li	/ĭɐŋ/	/ɣĭuŋ/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ʔi̯ɐŋ/	/i̯uŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yīng	yóng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jing¹	jung⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*ʔ<r>aŋ [ɢ]ʷəŋ/

(Zhengzhang): /*qraŋ ɡʷɯŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	英	雄
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yīng	xióng
Middle Chinese	‹ ʔjæng ›	‹ hjuwng ›
Old Chinese	/*ʔ<r>aŋ/	/*[ɢ]ʷəŋ/
English	young grass plants	male
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	英	雄
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	14510	4140
Phonetic component	央	厷
Rime group	陽	蒸
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	霙	雄
Old Chinese	/*qraŋ/	/*ɡʷɯŋ/

Noun

英雄

(literally, martial arts, figuratively) hero
傳說中的英雄／传说中的英雄 ― chuánshuō zhōng de yīngxióng ― legendary hero

平民英雄 ― píngmín yīngxióng ― everyday hero

英雄豪傑／英雄豪杰 ― yīngxióng háojié ― heroes

人民英雄永垂不朽。 [MSC, trad. and simp.]
Rénmín yīngxióng yǒngchuíbùxiǔ. [Pinyin]
Eternal glory to the people’s heroes.
- 武王問太公曰：「王者舉兵，欲簡練英雄，知士之高下，為之奈何？」 [Traditional Chinese poetry, trad.]
  武王问太公曰：「王者举兵，欲简练英雄，知士之高下，为之奈何？」 [Traditional Chinese poetry, simp.]
  From: Six Secret Teachings, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on Ralph D. Sawyer's version
  Wǔwáng wèn Tàigōng yuē: “Wángzhě jǔbīng, yù jiǎnliàn yīngxióng, zhī shì zhī gāoxià, wéi zhī nàihé?” [Pinyin]
  King Wu asked the Grand Duke: “If a king wants to raise an army, how should he go about selecting and training heroes and determine their moral qualifications?”

Synonyms

edit

俊傑 / 俊杰 (jùnjié)
好漢 / 好汉 (hǎohàn)
英豪 (yīngháo)
龍虎 / 龙虎 (lónghǔ) (figurative)

Adjective

英雄

(attributive) heroic
英雄事蹟／英雄事迹 ― yīngxióng shìjì ― heroic deed

英雄的中國人民／英雄的中国人民 ― yīngxióng de Zhōngguó rénmín ― heroic Chinese people

武漢是英雄的城市。 [MSC, trad.]
武汉是英雄的城市。 [MSC, simp.]
Wǔhàn shì yīngxióng de chéngshì. [Pinyin]
Wuhan is a heroic city.
- 前進，各民族英雄的人民！ [MSC, trad.]
  前进，各民族英雄的人民！ [MSC, simp.]
  From: 1978 March 5, National anthem of the People's Republic of China (1978-1982)
  Qiánjìn, gè mínzú yīngxióng de rénmín! [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Derived terms

一文錢逼死英雄漢 / 一文钱逼死英雄汉
不以成敗論英雄 / 不以成败论英雄 (bù yǐ chéngbài lùn yīngxióng)
個人英雄主義 / 个人英雄主义 (gèrén yīngxióng zhǔyì)
反英雄 (fǎnyīngxióng)
巾幗英雄 / 巾帼英雄 (jīnguóyīngxióng)
慧眼識英雄 / 慧眼识英雄
文化英雄 (wénhuà yīngxióng)
時勢造英雄 / 时势造英雄 (shíshì zào yīngxióng)
民族英雄 (mínzú yīngxióng)
無名英雄 / 无名英雄 (wúmíngyīngxióng)
英雄主義 / 英雄主义
英雄入彀
英雄出少年 (yīngxióng chū shàonián)
英雄只怕病來磨 / 英雄只怕病来磨
英雄好漢 / 英雄好汉 (yīngxiónghǎohàn)
英雄所見略同 / 英雄所见略同 (yīngxióng suǒjiànlüètóng)
英雄本色
英雄末路
英雄樹 / 英雄树
英雄氣短 / 英雄气短
英雄無用武之地 / 英雄无用武之地 (yīngxióng wú yòngwǔ zhī dì)
英雄短氣 / 英雄短气
英雄豪傑 / 英雄豪杰 (yīngxióngháojié)
英雄難過美人關 / 英雄难过美人关 (yīngxióng nán guò měirén guān)
草莽英雄
超級英雄 / 超级英雄 (chāojí yīngxióng)
逞英雄 (chěng yīngxióng)

Related terms

英雌 (yīngcí)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (英雄):

→ Japanese: 英雄(えいゆう) (eiyū)
→ Korean: 영웅(英雄) (yeong'ung)
→ Vietnamese: anh hùng (英雄)

Others:

→ Vietnamese: yêng hùng

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
英	雄
えい Grade: 4	ゆう Grade: S
kan'on

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) えーゆう [èéyúú] (Heiban – [0])^[1]^[2]
IPA^(key): [e̞ːjɯ̟ː]

Noun

英(えい)雄(ゆう) • (eiyū) ^{←えいゆう (eiyuu)^?}

hero
Synonym: ヒーロー (hīrō)

Derived terms

英(えい)雄(ゆう)時(じ)代(だい) (eiyū jidai)
英(えい)雄(ゆう)主(しゅ)義(ぎ) (eiyū shugi)
英(えい)雄(ゆう)叙(じょ)事(じ)詩(し) (eiyū jojishi)
英(えい)雄(ゆう)神(しん) (eiyūshin)
英(えい)雄(ゆう)神(しん)話(わ) (eiyū shinwa)
英(えい)雄(ゆう)崇(すう)拝(はい) (eiyū sūhai)
英(えい)雄(ゆう)譚(たん) (eiyūtan)

Idioms

英(えい)雄(ゆう)色(いろ)を好(この)む (eiyū iro o konomu)
英(えい)雄(ゆう)人(ひと)を欺(あざむ)く (eiyū hito o azamuku)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
英	雄
ひで Grade: 4	お Grade: S
nanori

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) ひでお [hìdéó] (Heiban – [0])
IPA^(key): [çide̞o̞]

Proper noun

英(ひで)雄(お) • (Hideo)

a male given name

References

2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.

^ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
英	雄

Noun

英雄 • (yeong'ung) (hangeul 영웅)

hanja form^? of 영웅 (“hero”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
英	雄

Adjective

英雄

chữ Hán form of anh hùng (“heroic”)

Noun

英雄

chữ Hán form of anh hùng (“hero”)

[SMK7-1] Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[DJR-2] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[1]

[2]