訓讀

See also: 訓読 and 训读

Chinese

		example; pattern; to teach example; pattern; to teach; to train; instruction	to read; to study; comma to read; to study; comma; phrase marked by pause
trad. (訓讀)		訓	讀
simp. (训读)		训	读

Examples

Examples in Mandarin:

骰子 (“die”) read as shǎizi (from 色子)
石 (“a name of unit”) read as dàn (from 擔 / 担)
仇 (“enmity; enemy”) read as chóu (from 讎 / 雠)
打 (“to hit”) read as dǎ (possibly from 撻 / 挞)

Examples in Cantonese:

骰 (“die”) read as sik¹ (from 色)
熨 (“to iron”) read as tong³ (from 燙 / 烫)

Examples in Hokkien:

打 (“to hit”) read as phah (probably from 拍)
乾 / 干 (“dry”) read as ta (possibly from 焦)
黑 (“black”) read as o͘ (from 烏 / 乌)

Examples in Teochew:

夜 (“night”) read as mê5 (from 暝)

Examples in Middle Chinese:

囮 (“bird decoy”) read as 以周切 (from 㘥)
甸 (“a unit of land area”) read as 石證切 (from 乘)
暖 (“warm”) read as 乃管切 (from 煗)

Etymology

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 訓(くん)読(よ)み (kun'yomi) or 訓(くん)読(どく) (kundoku).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): xùndú

(Zhuyin): ㄒㄩㄣˋ ㄉㄨˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): fan³ duk⁶
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): hùn-tho̍k

(Teochew, Peng'im): hung³ tag⁸

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: xùndú
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄩㄣˋ ㄉㄨˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: syùndú
  - Wade–Giles: hsün⁴-tu²
  - Yale: syùn-dú
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiunndwu
  - Palladius: сюньду (sjunʹdu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕyn⁵¹ tu³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: fan³ duk⁶
  - Yale: fan duhk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: fan³ duk⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: fen³ dug⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fɐn³³ tʊk̚²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hùn-tho̍k
  - Tâi-lô: hùn-tho̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: huontok
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /hun²¹⁻⁴¹ tʰɔk̚⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /hun¹¹⁻⁵³ tʰɔk̚⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: hung³ tag⁸
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hùng tha̍k
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /huŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ tʰak̚⁴/

Verb

訓讀

to semantically match a Chinese character with etymologically unrelated vernacular (native Japanese or Korean; or Chinese lectal) morphemes and read the character thus; to employ "gloss reading"
日語裡，「山」的音讀是「さん」，訓讀是「やま」。 [MSC, trad.]
日语里，「山」的音读是「さん」，训读是「やま」。 [MSC, simp.]
Rìyǔ lǐ, “山” de yīndú shì “san”, xùndú shì “yama”. [Pinyin]
山 has the on'yomi さん (san) and the kun'yomi やま (yama) in Japanese.
- 在海外華人社區的漢語方言中出現的訓讀，還與華人的日常口語和書面用語的嚴重脫節大有關聯。 [MSC, trad.]
  在海外华人社区的汉语方言中出现的训读，还与华人的日常口语和书面用语的严重脱节大有关联。 [MSC, simp.]
  From: 2009 August 15, 陈晓锦 (Chen Xiaojin), 《越南、柬埔寨、老挝三国潮州话训读现象比较》 [Comparative Study on Xundu Phenomenon of Chaozhou Dialect in Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos], in 《广东技术师范学院学报》 [Journal of Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University], →ISSN, volume 30, issue 8, page 81
  Zài hǎiwài Huárén shèqū de hànyǔ fāngyán zhōng chūxiàn de xùndú, hái yǔ Huárén de rìcháng kǒuyǔ hé shūmiàn yòngyǔ de yánzhòng tuōjié dà yǒu guānlián. [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Derived terms

漢文訓讀 / 汉文训读 (hànwén xùndú)
漢文訓讀體 / 汉文训读体 (hànwén xùndútǐ)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
訓	讀
くん Grade: 4	どく Hyōgai
on'yomi

Kanji in this term
訓	讀
くん Grade: 4	よ(み) Hyōgai
on'yomi	kun'yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 訓讀 – see the following entries.

【訓読くんどく】

[noun] synonym of 訓読み (kun'yomi, “Japanese native reading for kanji (Chinese characters), by using the pronunciation of the native Japanese word that has the same meaning.”)

[noun] short for 漢文訓読 (kanbun kundoku, “Japanese reading of Classical Chinese by literal translation”)

[verb] to use the kun'yomi of a word, to read a word using the pronunciation of the native Japanese word

[verb] to use kanbun kundoku for Classical Chinese

(This term, 訓讀, is the kyūjitai of the above term.)

【訓読くんよみ】

[noun] (linguistics) kun'yomi: a reading of a kanji that is not derived from the kanji's original pronunciation borrowed from Chinese

[verb] to use the kun'yomi of a word, to read a kanji using the pronunciation of a native Japanese word

Alternative spelling
訓読

(This term, 訓讀, is the kyūjitai of an alternative spelling (訓読) of the above term.)

Korean

Hanja in this term
訓	讀

Noun

訓讀 • (hundok) (hangeul 훈독)

hanja form^? of 훈독 (“semantic reading of a hanja character, "hundok"”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
訓	讀

Noun

訓讀

chữ Hán form of huấn độc (“semantic readings of chữ Hán”)

Verb

訓讀

chữ Hán form of huấn độc (“to read chữ Hán semantically with an unrelated vernacular morpheme”)