豆腐

Chinese

bean; sacrificial vessel decay; rotten
simp. and trad.
(豆腐) 		豆 腐
alternative forms 豆付 obsolete
anagram 腐豆

Pronunciation

Note: dao4 - contraction.
Rime
Character 豆 腐
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Initial (聲) 定 (7) 並 (3)
Final (韻) 侯 (137) 虞 (24)
Tone (調) Departing (H) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open Closed
Division (等) I III
Fanqie 田候切 扶雨切
Baxter duwH bjuX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/dəuH/ /bɨoX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/dəuH/ /bioX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/dəuH/ /bioX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/dəwH/ /buə̆X/
Li
Rong 		/duH/ /bioX/
Wang
Li 		/dəuH/ /bĭuX/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/dʱə̯uH/ /bʱi̯uX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		dòu fù
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		dau6 fu6

Noun

豆腐

  1. tofu; bean curd (Classifier: 塊／块 m c; 嚿 c; 磚／砖 c)
  2. any food with tofu-like physical quality
    魚豆腐／鱼豆腐  ―  yúdòufǔ  ―  fish tofu
    血豆腐  ―  xuèdòufǔ  ―  blood tofu
    杏仁豆腐  ―  xìngréndòufǔ  ―  anin tofu

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 豆腐 (“tofu; bean curd”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 豆腐
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 豆腐
Taiwan 豆腐
Singapore 豆腐
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 豆腐
Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 豆腐
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 豆腐
Wanrong 豆腐
Xi'an 豆腐
Xining 豆腐
Xuzhou 豆腐
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 豆腐
Ürümqi 豆腐
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 豆腐
Wuhan 豆腐
Guiyang 豆腐
Guilin 豆腐
Liuzhou 豆腐
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 豆腐
Yangzhou 豆腐
Hefei 豆腐
Cantonese Guangzhou 豆腐
Hong Kong 豆腐
Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) 豆腐
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 豆腐
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 豆腐
Hong Kong (Sam Mun Tsai; Tanka) 豆腐
Macau 豆腐
Macau (Tanka) 豆腐
Dongguan 豆腐
Yangjiang 豆腐
Nanning 豆腐
Nanning (Tanka) 豆腐
Wuzhou 豆腐
Hepu (Lianzhou) 豆腐
Hepu (Shatian) 豆腐
Qinzhou 豆腐
Qinzhou (Changtan) 豆腐
Beihai 豆腐
Beihai (Nankang) 豆腐
Beihai (Yingpan) 豆腐焦
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 豆腐
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 豆腐
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 豆腐
Singapore (Guangfu) 豆腐
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 水豆腐
Móng Cái 豆腐
Gan Nanchang 豆乾
Lichuan 豆腐
Pingxiang 豆腐
Hakka Meixian 豆腐, 豆乾
Yudu 豆腐
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 豆腐
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 豆腐
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 豆腐
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 豆腐
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 豆腐
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 豆腐
Hong Kong 豆腐
Huizhou Jixi 豆腐
Jin Taiyuan 豆腐
Xinzhou 豆腐
Northern Min Jian'ou 豆腐
Eastern Min Fuzhou 豆腐
Southern Min Xiamen 豆腐
Taipei 豆腐
New Taipei (Sanxia) 豆腐
Kaohsiung 豆腐
Yilan 豆腐
Changhua (Lukang) 豆腐
Taichung 豆腐
Tainan 豆腐
Hsinchu 豆腐
Kinmen 豆腐
Penghu (Magong) 豆腐
Penang (Hokkien) 豆腐
Singapore (Hokkien) 豆腐
Manila (Hokkien) 豆腐
Guilin (Biyange) 豆腐
Pingle (Zhoutang) 豆腐
Chaozhou 豆腐
Shantou 豆乾
Shantou (Chenghai) 豆乾
Shantou (Chaoyang) 豆腐
Nan'ao (Houzhai) 豆乾
Nan'ao (Yun'ao) 豆乾
Singapore (Teochew) 豆腐
Leizhou 豆腐, 豆腐白
Haikou 豆腐
Puxian Min Putian 豆腐
Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang) 豆腐
Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang) 豆腐
Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu) 豆腐
Xianyou 豆腐
Xianyou (Fengting) 豆腐
Xianyou (Youyang) 豆腐
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Sanxiang) 豆腐
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 豆腐
Wu Shanghai 豆腐
Shanghai (Songjiang) 豆腐
Shanghai (Jiading) 豆腐
Shanghai (Chongming) 豆腐
Suzhou 豆腐
Danyang 豆腐
Hangzhou 豆腐
Ningbo 豆腐
Zhoushan 豆腐
Wenzhou 豆腐
Jinhua 豆腐
Xiang Changsha 豆腐, 水片子, 和尚肉 humorous
Loudi 豆腐
Shuangfeng 豆腐
Hengyang 豆腐
  • (obsolete) 豆脯, 菽乳

Derived terms

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (豆腐):
  • → Japanese: 豆(とう)腐(ふ) (tōfu) (see there for further descendants)
  • → Korean: 두부(豆腐) (dubu)
  • → Vietnamese: đậu hủ (豆腐), đậu phụ (豆腐)

Others:

Further reading

  • “豆腐”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2025.
  • 莆田市政协文化文史和学习委员会 [Culture, History and Learning Committee of Putian CPPCC], editor (2021), “豆腐”, in 莆仙方言大词典 [Comprehensive Dictionary of Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 134.
  • 李如龙 [Li, Ru-long], 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu], 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying], 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019) “1382 豆腐”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 427.

Japanese

Kanji in this term
豆 腐
とう
Grade: 3 		ふ
Grade: S
on'yomi

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 豆腐 (MC duwH bjuX, literally “bean + curdled”). Compare modern Mandarin reading dòufu.

Pronunciation

  • (Tokyo) とーふ [tòófú] (Heiban – [0])[1][2]
  • (Tokyo) とーふ [tòófúꜜ] (Odaka – [3])[1][2]
  • IPA(key): [to̞ːɸɯ̟]
  • Audio:(file)

Noun

豆(とう)腐(ふ) • (tōfu)  (counter 丁)

  1. tofu, bean curd
    Synonyms: (dialectal, Kagoshima) おかべ, (nyōbō kotoba) 壁 (kabe), (humorous) 南無阿弥豆腐 (namu omi dōfu)
  2. (computing) tofu, an empty rectangle displayed by some systems in place of a character not supported by available fonts.

Derived terms

Descendants

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
豆腐

Noun

豆腐 • (dubu) (hangeul 두부)

  1. hanja form? of 두부 (“tofu”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
豆腐

Noun

豆腐

  1. chữ Hán form of đậu hủ (“tofu”)
  2. chữ Hán form of đậu phụ (“tofu”)
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