雖然
See also: 虽然
Chinese
| although; even though | so; thus; like this so; thus; like this; ‑ly; correct; right | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (雖然) | 雖 | 然 | |
| simp. (虽然) | 虽 | 然 | |
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- Hakka
- Eastern Min (BUC): chŭi-iòng
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 1soe-zoe
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: suīrán
- Zhuyin: ㄙㄨㄟ ㄖㄢˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: sueirán
- Wade–Giles: sui1-jan2
- Yale: swēi-rán
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sueiran
- Palladius: суйжань (sujžanʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /su̯eɪ̯⁵⁵ ʐän³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, variant in Mainland)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: suírán → suíran (toneless final syllable variant)
- Zhuyin: ㄙㄨㄟˊ ㄖㄢˊ → ㄙㄨㄟˊ ˙ㄖㄢ (toneless final syllable variant)
- Tongyong Pinyin: suéirån
- Wade–Giles: sui2-jan5
- Yale: swéi-ran
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: swei.ran
- Palladius: суйжань (sujžanʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /su̯eɪ̯³⁵ ʐän³⁵/ → /su̯eɪ̯³⁵ ʐän³/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: xu1 ran2
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xyrhan
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɕy⁵⁵ zan²¹/
- (Dungan)
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: seoi1 jin4
- Yale: sēui yìhn
- Cantonese Pinyin: soey1 jin4
- Guangdong Romanization: sêu1 yin4
- Sinological IPA (key): /sɵy̯⁵⁵ jiːn²¹/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: lhui1 ngen3*
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɬui³³ ᵑɡen²²⁻²²⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sûi-yèn
- Hakka Romanization System: suiˊ ienˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: sui1 yan2
- Sinological IPA: /su̯i²⁴ i̯en¹¹/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sûi-yàn
- Hakka Romanization System: suiˊ (r)ianˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: sui1 yan2
- Sinological IPA: /su̯i²⁴ (j)i̯an¹¹/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: suiˋ rhan
- Sinological IPA: /sui⁵³ ʒan⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
- Guangdong: sui1 yan2
- Sinological IPA: /suɪ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ ian¹¹/
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Eastern Min
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sui-liân
- Tâi-lô: sui-liân
- Phofsit Daibuun: suilieen
- IPA (Taipei): /sui⁴⁴⁻³³ liɛn²⁴/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /sui³³ liɛn²⁴/
- IPA (Xiamen): /sui⁴⁴⁻²² liɛn²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sui-jiân
- Tâi-lô: sui-jiân
- Phofsit Daibuun: suijieen
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /sui⁴⁴⁻³³ ziɛn²³/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /sui⁴⁴⁻²² d͡ziɛn¹³/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: sui1 riêng5 / sui1 riang5
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sui jiêng / sui jiâng
- Sinological IPA (key): /sui³³⁻²³ d͡zieŋ⁵⁵/, /sui³³⁻²³ d͡ziaŋ⁵⁵/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei)
Note: sui1 riêng5 - Chaozhou.
- Middle Chinese: swij nyen
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*s-qʷij [n]a[n]/
- (Zhengzhang): /*sqʰʷi njen/
Conjunction
雖然
- although
- (Classical) although so; despite this; nevertheless; that being said
- 王曰:「雖然,必告不穀。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4th century BCE
- Wáng yuē: “Suīrán, bì gào bùgǔ.” [Pinyin]
- The King of Chu said, "That being said, you have to tell me."
王曰:「虽然,必告不谷。」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
Usage notes
Unlike in English, in Chinese it is customary for 雖然/虽然 (suīrán, “although”) to be followed by 但是 (dànshì, “but; however”).
Synonyms
- (although):
Dialectal synonyms of 雖然 (“although”) [map]
| Variety | Location | Words |
|---|---|---|
| Classical Chinese | 雖 | |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 雖然, 雖則, 雖說 | |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 雖然 |
| Taiwan | 雖然 | |
| Harbin | 雖說 | |
| Singapore | 雖然 | |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 雖說 |
| Xi'an | 雖說 | |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 雖然, 雖說 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 雖說 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 雖然, 雖則 |
| Hong Kong | 雖然, 雖則 | |
| Taishan | 雖然 | |
| Singapore (Guangfu) | 雖然 | |
| Gan | Nanchang | 雖話 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 雖然 |
| Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 雖然 | |
| Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 雖然 | |
| Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 雖然 | |
| Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 雖然 | |
| Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 雖然 | |
| Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 雖然 | |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 雖則其然 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 雖然 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 雖然, 雖罔, 雖講 |
| Quanzhou | 雖然 | |
| Zhangzhou | 雖然, 雖罔 | |
| Tainan | 雖然, 雖罔 | |
| Singapore (Hokkien) | 雖然 | |
| Manila (Hokkien) | 雖然 | |
| Jieyang | 雖呾, 名呾 | |
| Singapore (Teochew) | 雖然 | |
| Wu | Shanghai | 雖然, 雖則 |
| Shanghai (Chongming) | 雖則 | |
| Ningbo | 雖則 | |
| Xiang | Changsha | 雖然得, 雖然得是 |
Related terms
- 固然 (gùrán)