騎
|
Translingual
Han character
騎 (Kangxi radical 187, 馬+8, 18 strokes, cangjie input 尸火大一口 (SFKMR), four-corner 74321, composition ⿰馬奇)
Descendants
Derived characters
- 𫬷, 𮊠
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1440, character 36
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 44817
- Dae Jaweon: page 1964, character 31
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4560, character 8
- Unihan data for U+9A0E
Chinese
trad. | 騎 | |
---|---|---|
simp. | 骑 | |
alternative forms | 𮪍 |
Glyph origin
Old Chinese | |
---|---|
奇 | *kral, *ɡral |
畸 | *kral |
剞 | *kral, *kralʔ |
羇 | *kral |
掎 | *kral, *kralʔ, *kʰrals |
攲 | *kral, *kralʔ, *kʰral |
躸 | *kral |
踦 | *kralʔ, *kʰral |
寄 | *krals |
徛 | *krals, *ɡralʔ |
欹 | *kʰral, *qral |
崎 | *kʰral, *ɡɯl |
觭 | *kʰral, *kʰralʔ |
碕 | *kʰral, *kʰralʔ, *ɡral, *ɡɯl |
綺 | *kʰralʔ |
婍 | *kʰralʔ |
騎 | *ɡral, *ɡrals |
琦 | *ɡral |
鵸 | *ɡral |
錡 | *ɡral, *ɡralʔ, *ŋɡralʔ |
輢 | *ɡrals, *qralʔ, *qrals |
齮 | *ŋɡralʔ |
犄 | *qral |
猗 | *qral, *qralʔ |
椅 | *qral, *qralʔ |
旖 | *qral, *qralʔ |
陭 | *qral, *qrals |
檹 | *qral |
漪 | *qral |
倚 | *qralʔ, *qrals |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɡral, *ɡrals): semantic 馬 (“horse”) + phonetic 奇 (OC *kral, *ɡral) – to ride horseback
Etymology
Wanderwort in the E/SE Asian Sprachbund. The STEDT reconstructs Proto-Sino-Tibetan *gi (“to ride; to sit astride; to sit (horse)”), and comments that "many of the TB forms seem to be borrowings from Chinese 騎".
Outside Sino-Tibetan, cognates are also found in Hmong-Mien, Tai-Kadai and some Mon-Khmer languages. Benedict (1975) surmises that this is an ancient loan into Proto-Sino-Tibetan from Austro-Tai:
... but these [Tibeto-Burman] forms appear to involve old loans from AT [Austro-Tai] with typical loss of an original medial *w (Thai *khwi ~ *gwi).
while Peiros (1998), Sagart (2006), Schuessler (2007) (who suggests that 騎 (OC gai, “to ride”) is possibly endopassive "let oneself be carried (on the back of an animal)" of 荷 (OC gâiʔ, “to carry”)) and Pittayaporn (2014) think the directionality of borrowing is reversed. The following excerpt is taken from Sagart's review (2006) of Matisoff's book Handbook of Proto-Tibeto-Burman (2003):
The collection of forms under Matisoff's high-vowelled *gyi 'ride' are from TB languages in contact with Chinese (Lolo-Burmese, Qiangic, Tujia): they are best regarded as late loans from Chinese. ... The idea that the Chinese vocabulary of agriculture, metallurgy, horse-riding etc. might contain numerous loans from an early SEA language is simply not to be taken seriously in view of modern Asian archaeology (Bellwood 1997), quite apart from the fact that it makes no linguistic sense (Sagart 1999 for metal names). Yet Matisoff's book is scattered with observations telling the reader that words like 'writing brush' and 'ride' just discussed may well be loans from Austro-Tai into ST (188; 504).
Below lists some cognates for "to ride" found in various languages in this Sprachbund.
- Lolo-Burmese: *gyi ~ dzyi: Burmese စီး (ci:), Nuosu ꋩ (zzy, “to ride; to bear (a rider)”), ꊪ (zy, “to cause to ride”)
- Southwestern Tai: *kʰwiːᴮ: Thai ขี่ (kìi), Lao ຂີ່ (khī), Zhuang gwih
- Hmong-Mien: *ɟej: White Hmong caij
- Mon-Khmer: West Bahnaric *ɟih, Khmer ជិះ (cih), Vietnamese cưỡi
Also compare Proto-Austronesian *sakay (“catch a ride, join a group, ride on something”).
Pronunciation 2 is a Late Old Chinese general purpose derivation from Pronunciation 1 (Schuessler, 2007).
Pronunciation 1
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): ke4 / kei4
- Gan (Wiktionary): qi2
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): qi1
- Northern Min (KCR): guòi
- Eastern Min (BUC): kiè / kià
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): kyor2 / koe2 / kua2 / kya2 / kia2 / ki2
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6ji
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): ji2
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: qí
- Zhuyin: ㄑㄧˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: cí
- Wade–Giles: chʻi2
- Yale: chí
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chyi
- Palladius: ци (ci)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕʰi³⁵/
- (Dungan)
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: ke4 / kei4
- Yale: kèh / kèih
- Cantonese Pinyin: ke4 / kei4
- Guangdong Romanization: ké4 / kéi4
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰɛː²¹/, /kʰei̯²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- ke4 - vernacular;
- kei4 - literary.
- Gan
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khì
- Hakka Romanization System: kiˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: ki2
- Sinological IPA: /kʰi¹¹/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: ki
- Sinological IPA: /kʰi⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
- Guangdong: qi2
- Sinological IPA: /t͡ɕʰi¹¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: guòi
- Sinological IPA (key): /kuɛ⁴²/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- kiè - colloquial (“to ride”);
- kià - colloquial (“to straddle; to bestride”).
- Puxian Min
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: kyor2
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: kió̤
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰyɒ¹³/
- (Jiangkou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: koe2
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰœ¹³/
- (Nanri)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: kua2
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰua¹³/
- (Xianyou, Youyang)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: kya2
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰya²⁴/
- (Fengting)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: kia2
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰia²⁴/
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: ki2
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: kí
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰi¹³/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: ki2
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰi²⁴/
- (Putian)
- kyor2/koe2/kua2/kya2/kia2 - vernacular;
- ki2 - literary.
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khiâ
- Tâi-lô: khiâ
- Phofsit Daibuun: qiaa
- IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /kʰia²⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰia²³/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰia¹³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khâ
- Tâi-lô: khâ
- Phofsit Daibuun: qaa
- IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰa²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khî
- Tâi-lô: khî
- Phofsit Daibuun: qii
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰi²³/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰi¹³/
- IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /kʰi²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kî
- Tâi-lô: kî
- Phofsit Daibuun: kii
- IPA (Quanzhou): /ki²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- khiâ/khâ - vernacular;
- khî/kî - literary.
- Middle Chinese: gje
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*C.ɡ(r)aj/
- (Zhengzhang): /*ɡral/
Definitions
騎
Synonyms
Variety | Location | Words |
---|---|---|
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 騎 | |
Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 騎 |
Malaysia | 騎 | |
Singapore | 騎 | |
Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 騎 |
Xi'an | 騎 | |
Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 踩, 騎 |
Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 騎 |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | 踩, 踹 |
Hong Kong | 踩, 踹 | |
Taishan | 踩 | |
Dongguan | 踩 | |
Hakka | Meixian | 騎, 踩 |
Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 騎 | |
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 騎 | |
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 騎 | |
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 騎 | |
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 騎 | |
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 騎 | |
Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 騎 |
Southern Min | Xiamen | 騎 |
Quanzhou | 騎 | |
Zhangzhou | 騎 | |
Tainan | 騎 | |
Penang (Hokkien) | 踏 | |
Singapore (Hokkien) | 踏 | |
Manila (Hokkien) | 踏 | |
Singapore (Teochew) | 踏 | |
Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Sanxiang) | 坐 |
Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 坐, 踩 |
Wu | Shanghai | 踏 |
Compounds
- 人善得人欺,馬善得人騎 / 人善得人欺,马善得人骑 (rén shàn dé rén qī, mǎ shàn dé rén qí)
- 倒騎 / 倒骑
- 勢如騎虎 / 势如骑虎
- 勢成騎虎 / 势成骑虎
- 帖騎 / 帖骑
- 握蛇騎虎 / 握蛇骑虎
- 旄騎 / 旄骑
- 王喬騎鶴 / 王乔骑鹤
- 輜騎 / 辎骑
- 騎上老虎 / 骑上老虎
- 騎乘 / 骑乘 (qíchéng)
- 騎兩頭馬 / 骑两头马
- 騎兵 / 骑兵 (qíbīng)
- 騎兵團 / 骑兵团
- 騎士 / 骑士
- 騎士教育 / 骑士教育
- 騎射 / 骑射 (qíshè)
- 騎師 / 骑师 (qíshī)
- 騎手 / 骑手 (qíshǒu)
- 騎樓 / 骑楼 (qílóu)
- 騎牆 / 骑墙 (qíqiáng)
- 騎牆之見 / 骑墙之见
- 騎牛覓牛 / 骑牛觅牛
- 騎箕尾 / 骑箕尾
- 騎縫 / 骑缝 (qífèng)
- 騎縫章 / 骑缝章
- 騎者善墮 / 骑者善堕
- 騎虎之勢 / 骑虎之势
- 騎虎難下 / 骑虎难下 (qíhǔnánxià)
- 騎術 / 骑术 (qíshù)
- 騎車 / 骑车 (qíchē)
- 騎鞍壓馬 / 骑鞍压马
- 騎馬 / 骑马 (qímǎ)
- 騎馬尋馬 / 骑马寻马
- 騎馬找馬 / 骑马找马
- 騎驢 / 骑驴
- 騎驢覓驢 / 骑驴觅驴
- 騎鶴揚州 / 骑鹤扬州
- 騎龍 / 骑龙 (Qílóng)
Pronunciation 2
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): kei3 / gei6
- Northern Min (KCR): gǐ
- Eastern Min (BUC): gì
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ki5
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: qí
- Zhuyin: ㄑㄧˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: cí
- Wade–Giles: chʻi2
- Yale: chí
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chyi
- Palladius: ци (ci)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕʰi³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan; variant in Mainland)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: jì
- Zhuyin: ㄐㄧˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jì
- Wade–Giles: chi4
- Yale: jì
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jih
- Palladius: цзи (czi)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕi⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: kei3 / gei6
- Yale: kei / geih
- Cantonese Pinyin: kei3 / gei6
- Guangdong Romanization: kéi3 / géi6
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰei̯³³/, /kei̯²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- kei3 - vernacular;
- gei6 - literary.
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: gǐ
- Sinological IPA (key): /ki²¹/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- Puxian Min
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: ki5
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: kī
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰi¹¹/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: ki5
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰi²¹/
- (Putian)
- Middle Chinese: gjeH
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ](r)aj-s/
- (Zhengzhang): /*ɡrals/
Definitions
騎
- horse or vehicle that one rides on
- mounted soldier
- (literary) Classifier for soldiers or warhorses.
- a surname
Compounds
- 偵騎 / 侦骑
- 千乘萬騎 / 千乘万骑 (qiānshèngwànqí)
- 單騎 / 单骑 (dānqí)
- 坐騎 / 坐骑 (zuòqí)
- 彉騎 / 彉骑
- 探騎 / 探骑
- 散騎常侍 / 散骑常侍
- 斥騎 / 斥骑
- 東方騎 / 东方骑
- 梟騎 / 枭骑
- 步騎 / 步骑
- 突騎 / 突骑
- 結駟連騎 / 结驷连骑
- 緹騎 / 缇骑
- 羽騎 / 羽骑
- 胡騎 / 胡骑 (húqí)
- 說鐵騎兒 / 说铁骑儿
- 車騎 / 车骑
- 輕騎 / 轻骑 (qīngqí)
- 遊騎 / 游骑
- 遊騎無歸 / 游骑无归
- 邊騎 / 边骑
- 邏騎 / 逻骑
- 鐵騎 / 铁骑 (tiěqí)
- 馬騎燈 / 马骑灯
- 騎士 / 骑士 (jìshì)
- 騎從 / 骑从
- 驃騎 / 骠骑 (piàoqí)
- 驃騎將軍 / 骠骑将军 (piàoqí jiāngjūn)
- 驍騎 / 骁骑 (xiāoqí)
References
- “騎”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2025.
- “騎”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- 李如龙 [Li, Ru-long], 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu], 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying], 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019) “骑”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 160.
- 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “骑”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 182.
Japanese
Kanji
Readings
Compounds
Etymology
Kanji in this term |
---|
騎 |
き Grade: S |
kan'on |
From Middle Chinese 騎 (MC gje|gjeH). Already used phonetically in Old Japanese to spell unvoiced ki, as in the place name 阿騎・安騎 (Aki, a former hunting ground in Nara).[1]
Attested as a counter in the early 1200s, and as a standalone noun in the late 1800s.[2]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [kʲi]
Affix
騎 • (ki)
- riding on horseback
- a horseperson
Counter
騎 • (-ki)
- [early 1200s] horseperson
Noun
騎 • (ki)
- riding on horseback
- [1877] (rare) a horseperson
References
- ^ , available online here (in Japanese)
- ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
Korean
Hanja
騎 (eumhun 말을 탈 기 (mareul tal gi))
Vietnamese
Han character
騎: Hán Nôm readings: kị, kỵ, cưỡi, cỡi
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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