鰻

See also: 鳗
鰻 U+9C3B, 鰻
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9C3B
← 鰺
[U+9C3A] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 鰼 →
[U+9C3C]

Translingual

Han character

鰻 (Kangxi radical 195, 魚+11, 22 strokes, cangjie input 弓火日田水 (NFAWE), four-corner 26347, composition ⿰魚曼)

Descendants

Further reading

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1477, character 7
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 46443
  • Dae Jaweon: page 2008, character 34
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4710, character 8
  • Unihan data for U+9C3B

Chinese

trad. 鰻
simp. 鳗
alternative forms
𩺴
𩻠
⿰魚昘
⿰魚𭦗
⿰魚𭦟
𩺴
𩻠
⿰魚昘
⿰魚𭦗
⿰魚𭦟
⿰鱼⿳⺜𠀃勹
 

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 鰻
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (曼) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
獌 *mroːn, *moːns, *mons
鬘 *mroːn
謾 *mroːn, *mroːns, *mon, *moːn, *moːns
慢 *mroːns
嫚 *mroːns
縵 *mroːns, *moːns
曼 *moːn, *mons
饅 *moːn
蔓 *moːn, *mons
鰻 *moːn, *mons
墁 *moːn, *moːns
鏝 *moːn, *moːns
槾 *moːn
漫 *moːns
幔 *moːns
蟃 *mons

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *moːn, *mons): semantic 魚 (“fish”) + phonetic 曼 (OC *moːn, *mons) – a kind of fish.

Etymology

Note similarities to Burmese ငါးမန်း (nga:man:, “shark”).

Pronunciation

Note:
  • maan6 - common variant;
  • mun4 - rare variant.
Rime
Character 鰻 鰻
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial (聲) 明 (4) 明 (4)
Final (韻) 桓 (62) 元 (66)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Closed Closed
Division (等) I III
Fanqie 母官切 無販切
Baxter man mjonH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/muɑn/ /mʉɐnH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/mʷɑn/ /mʷiɐnH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/muɑn/ /miuɐnH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/mwan/ /muanH/
Li
Rong 		/muɑn/ /miuɐnH/
Wang
Li 		/muɑn/ /mĭwɐnH/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/muɑn/ /mi̯wɐnH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		mán wàn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		mun4 maan6
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 鰻 鰻
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 8744 8758
Phonetic
component 		曼 曼
Rime
group 		元 元
Rime
subdivision 		3 3
Corresponding
MC rime 		瞞 万
Old
Chinese 		/*moːn/ /*mons/

Definitions

鰻

  1. eel

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 鰻鱺 (“eel (Anguilla)”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 鰻鱺, 鰻, 鰻魚, 白鱔
Northeastern Mandarin Taiwan 鰻魚
Harbin 鰻魚
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 鰻魚
Central Plains Mandarin Xuzhou 鰻魚
Lanyin Mandarin Ürümqi 鰻魚
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 鰻魚
Wuhan 白鱔
Guiyang 白鱔, 白鰻
Liuzhou 白鱔
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 鰻魚, 白鱔
Yangzhou 磨魚
Cantonese Guangzhou 白鱔
Hong Kong 鰻魚, 白鱔
Dongguan 白鱔
Nanning 白鱔
Wuzhou 白鱔
Yulin 鰻魚
Hepu (Lianzhou) 白鱔
Gan Pengze 白鱔
Pingxiang 白鱔
Hakka Meixian 鰻仔
Yudu 鰻鱔
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 鰻仔
Miaoli (Gongguan; N. Sixian) 鰻仔
Miaoli (Zhuolan; N. Sixian) 鰻仔
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 鰻仔
Kaohsiung (Meinong; S. Sixian) 鰻仔
Miaoli (Zhuolan; Raoping) 鰻
Luchuan (Daqiao) 白鱔
Huizhou Jixi 鰻鱺
Northern Min Jian'ou 鰻
Eastern Min Fuzhou 鰻魚
Southern Min Xiamen 鰻, 鰻魚, 鱸鰻
Quanzhou 鰻, 鱸鰻
Yongchun 鱸鰻
Zhangzhou 鰻, 鱸鰻
Kaohsiung 鰻
Datian 鰻
Shantou 鰻魚
Nan'ao (Houzhai) 烏耳鰻
Leizhou 鰻魚, 鰻
Puxian Min Putian 鰻, 鱸鰻
Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang) 鰻
Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu) 鰻, 鰻魚
Xianyou 鰻, 鱸鰻
Xianyou (Fengting) 鰻, 鱸鰻
Xianyou (Youyang) 鰻
Central Min Yong'an 鰻
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Sanxiang) 鰻鱔
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 白鱔魚, 白鱔
Wu Shanghai 鰻魚, 鰻鱺
Shanghai (Chongming) 鰻鱺
Suzhou 鰻鱺
Danyang 鰻魚
Hangzhou 鰻魚, 鰻
Ningbo 鰻
Wenzhou 鰻魚, 鰻, 河鰻
Jinhua 鰻
Xiang Changsha 白鱔
Loudi 白鱔
Hengyang 海鱔
Quanzhou 鰻魚

Compounds

Descendants

  • → Indonesian: mua

References

Japanese

Kanji

鰻

(Hyōgai kanji)

  1. eel

Readings

  • Go-on: まん (man)、もん (mon)
  • Kan-on: ばん (ban)
  • Kun: うなぎ (unagi, 鰻)、うな (una, 鰻)、う (u, 鰻)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
鰻
むなぎ
Hyōgai
kun'yomi

⟨munaɡi1⟩ → /munaɡi/

From Old Japanese, first attested in the Man'yōshū (c. 759 CE).

Speculatively, might be from 身 (mu, “body”, ancient compounding form of modern mi) +‎ 長 (nagi, “long”, irregular shift from expected reading naga).[1] However, the naga → nagi shift is otherwise unattested.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [mɯ̟na̠ɡʲi]

Noun

鰻(むなぎ) • (munagi) 

  1. (archaic, possibly obsolete) an eel
    • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 16, poem 3853:
      , text here
      石(いは)麻呂(まろ)尓(に)吾物(われもの)申(まをす)夏痩(なつやせ)尓(に)吉(よし)跡(と)云物(いふもの)曽(ぞ)武奈伎(むなぎ)取喫(とりめせ) [Man'yōgana]
      石(いは)麻呂(まろ)に我(わ)れ物(もの)申(まを)す夏(なつ)痩(や)せによしといふものぞ鰻(むなぎ)捕(と)り食(め)せ [Modern spelling]
      Iwamaro ni waga mono mōsu natsu-yase ni yoshi to iu-mono zo munagi torimese
      I address Mr. Iwamaro: they're said to be efficacious for summer loss of weight―go and eat some eels.[2]
    • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 16, poem 3854:
      , text here
      痩々(やすやす)母(も)生(い)有(けら)者(ば)将在(あらむ)乎(を)波多也波多(はたやはた)武奈伎(むなぎ)乎漁取跡(をとると)河(かは)尓(に)流(ながる)勿(な) [Man'yōgana]
      痩(や)す痩(や)すも生(い)けらばあらむをはたやはた鰻(むなぎ)を捕(と)ると川(かは)に流(なが)るな [Modern spelling]
      yasuyasu mo ikeraba aramu o hata ya hata munagi o toru to kawa ni nagaru na
      Ever thinner though you be, better stay alive. When you're after eels for dinner, watch your step. Don't dive.[3]

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
鰻
うなぎ
Hyōgai
kun'yomi

/munaɡi/ → /unaɡi/

Sound shift from munagi above.[4][5]

First cited to a text from 1241.[6]

Pronunciation

Noun

鰻(うなぎ) or 鰻(ウナギ) • (unagi) 

  1. [from 1241] eel, especially the Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica)
Derived terms

See also

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
鰻
うな
Hyōgai
kun'yomi

Abbreviation of unagi above, used in some compounds.

Pronunciation

Noun

鰻(うな) • (una) 

  1. (only in compounds) synonym of うなぎ (see above)
Derived terms

Etymology 4

Kanji in this term
鰻
う
Hyōgai
kun'yomi

Another abbreviation of unagi above, used in some compounds.

Pronunciation

Noun

鰻(う) • (u) 

  1. (only in compounds) synonym of うなぎ (see above)
Usage notes
  • Found in restaurant signboards, for example.
Derived terms
  • 鰻(う)作(ざく) (u-zaku)
  • 鰻(う)鍋(なべ) (u-nabe)
  • 鰻(う)巻(ま)き (u-maki)

References

  1. ^ 語源由来辞典 (Gogen Yurai Jiten, “Etymology Derivation Dictionary”) (in Japanese). Entry available online here.
  2. ^ Paula Doe, Yakamochi Ōtomo (1982) A Warbler's Song in the Dusk: The Life and Work of Ōtomo Yakamochi (718-785), illustrated edition, University of California Press, →ISBN, page 81
  3. ^ Robin D. Gill (2009) A Dolphin in the Woods Composite Translation, Paraversing & Distilling Prose, illustrated edition, Paraverse Press, →ISBN, page 215
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  5. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (1995), 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  6. ^ “鰻”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
  7. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

鰻 (eumhun 뱀장어 만 (baemjang'eo man))

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

Okinawan

Kanji

鰻

(Hyōgai kanji)

Readings

  • Kun: っんなじ ('nnaji)

Etymology

/ʔunaɡi/ → /ʔɴ̩nad͡ʑi/

Cognate with Japanese 鰻.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [ʔn̩nad͡ʑi]

Noun

鰻(っんなじ) ('nnaji) 

  1. an eel

Vietnamese

Han character

鰻: Hán Việt readings: man
鰻: Nôm readings: man

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is available under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.