See also: and
U+9D09, 鴉
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9D09

[U+9D08]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+9D0A]

Translingual

Han character

(Kangxi radical 196, 鳥+4, 15 strokes, cangjie input 一竹竹日火 (MHHAF), four-corner 17227, composition )

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1484, character 12
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 46738
  • Dae Jaweon: page 2016, character 12
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4618, character 14
  • Unihan data for U+9D09

Chinese

trad.
simp.
alternative forms
𩿎
𪀨
𪀹

Glyph origin

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *qraː): phonetic (OC *ŋraː) + semantic (bird).

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ka-n (crow). Doublet of (OC *qaː, “crow; raven”) . The Middle Chinese of retains the earlier vowel.

Schuessler (2007) disputes Old Chinese reconstructions with medial *-r-, reasoning that 's place among Division II syllables (often from Old Chinese syllables containing *-r-) results rather from archaism which preserves the original vowel's quality.

Pronunciation


Note: The zero initial /∅-/ is commonly pronounced with a ng-initial /ŋ-/ in some varieties of Cantonese, including Hong Kong Cantonese.
Note: uă - used in 老鴉.
Note: 1ia - literary, 1o - vernacular.
  • Xiang
    • (Changsha)
      • Wiktionary: ia1
      • Sinological IPA (key): /i̯a̠³³/
    • (Hengyang)
      • Wiktionary: ia1
      • Sinological IPA (key): /i̯ä⁴⁴⁵/

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /ia⁵⁵/
Harbin /ia⁴⁴/ 烏~
/ia²¹³/ ~片
Tianjin /iɑ²¹/
Jinan /ia²¹³/
Qingdao /ia⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /ia²⁴/
Xi'an /ia²¹/
Xining /ia⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /ia⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /ia¹³/
Ürümqi /ia⁴⁴/
Wuhan /ia⁵⁵/
Chengdu /ia⁵⁵/
Guiyang /ia⁵⁵/
Kunming /ia̠⁴⁴/
Nanjing /iɑ³¹/
Hefei /ia²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /ia¹¹/
Pingyao /iɑ¹³/
Hohhot /ia³¹/
Wu Shanghai /o⁵³/
/ia⁵³/
Suzhou /o⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /ʔiɑ³³/
Wenzhou /o³³/
Hui Shexian /ia³¹/
/ŋa³¹/
Tunxi /ŋɔ¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /ia³³/
Xiangtan /iɒ³³/
Gan Nanchang /ŋɑ⁴²/
Hakka Meixian /a⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /ɑ²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /a⁵⁵/
Nanning /a⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /a⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /a⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /a⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /a⁵⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /a³³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /za³¹/

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (34)
Final () (98)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () II
Fanqie
Baxter 'ae
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ʔˠa/
Pan
Wuyun
/ʔᵚa/
Shao
Rongfen
/ʔa/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ʔaɨ/
Li
Rong
/ʔa/
Wang
Li
/a/
Bernhard
Karlgren
/ʔa/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
aa1
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
Middle
Chinese
‹ ʔæ ›
Old
Chinese
/*qˁra/
English raven, crow

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 14196
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*qraː/
Notes

Definitions

  1. crow; raven

Synonyms

Compounds

  • 信筆塗鴉 / 信笔涂鸦
  • 嘔鴉 / 呕鸦
  • 堆鴉 / 堆鸦
  • 塗鴉 / 涂鸦 (túyā)
  • 宮鴉 / 宫鸦
  • 寒鴉 / 寒鸦 (hányā)
  • 彩鳳隨鴉 / 彩凤随鸦
  • 木老鴉 / 木老鸦
  • 水老鴉 / 水老鸦
  • 烏鴉 / 乌鸦 (wūyā)
  • 烏鴉嘴 / 乌鸦嘴 (wūyāzuǐ)
  • 烏鴉閃蛋 / 乌鸦闪蛋
  • 盤鴉 / 盘鸦
  • 青鴉鴉 / 青鸦鸦
  • 非鴉非鳳 / 非鸦非凤
  • 鬢若堆鴉 / 鬓若堆鸦
  • 鴉嘴鋤 / 鸦嘴锄
  • 鴉巢生鳳 / 鸦巢生凤
  • 鴉烏 / 鸦乌
  • 鴉片 / 鸦片 (yāpiàn)
  • 鴉片戰爭 / 鸦片战争 (Yāpiàn Zhànzhēng)
  • 鴉片煙 / 鸦片烟 (yāpiànyān)
  • 鴉片罪 / 鸦片罪
  • 鴉膽子 / 鸦胆子 (yādǎnzǐ)
  • 鴉舅 / 鸦舅
  • 鴉雀不聞 / 鸦雀不闻
  • 鴉雀無聞 / 鸦雀无闻
  • 鴉雀無聲 / 鸦雀无声 (yāquèwúshēng)
  • 鴉青 / 鸦青
  • 鴉青鈔 / 鸦青钞
  • 鴉頭襪 / 鸦头袜
  • 鴉飛鵲亂 / 鸦飞鹊乱
  • 鴉髻 / 鸦髻
  • 鴉鬟 / 鸦鬟
  • 鴉鬢 / 鸦鬓
  • 鴉鵲不聞 / 鸦鹊不闻
  • 鴉鵲嶺 / 鸦鹊岭 (Yāquèlǐng)
  • 鴉鵲無聲 / 鸦鹊无声
  • 鴉黃 / 鸦黄
  • 鴉默雀靜 / 鸦默雀静 (yāmoqiǎojìng)
  • 鶻入鴉群 / 鹘入鸦群
  • 鷗鴉 / 鸥鸦
  • 墨鴉 / 墨鸦

Japanese

Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)

Readings

  • Go-on: (e)
  • Kan-on: (a)
  • Kun: からす (karasu, )

Compounds

Etymology

Kanji in this term
からす
Hyōgai
kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of – see the following entry.
からすカラス
[noun] a crow or raven
Alternative spelling
(This term, , is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Kikai

Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)

Noun

(がらさー) or (がるさー) (garasā or garusā

  1. alternative form of

Korean

Hanja

• (a) (hangeul )

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Northern Amami Ōshima

Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)

Noun

(からすぃ) (karasï

  1. alternative form of

Okinawan

Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)

Noun

(がらし) (garashi

  1. alternative form of

Okinoerabu

Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)

Noun

(がらし) (garashi

  1. alternative form of

Vietnamese

Han character

: Hán Việt readings: nha[1][2][3][4][5]
: Nôm readings: a[6], ác[1]

  1. chữ Hán form of nha (crow, raven)
  2. chữ Nôm form of ác (crow, raven)

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 Génibrel (1898).
  2. ^ Thiều Chửu (1942).
  3. ^ Nguyễn (1974).
  4. ^ Hồ (1976).
  5. ^ Trần (1999).
  6. ^ Trần (2004).

Yonaguni

Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)

Noun

(がらち) (garachi

  1. alternative form of