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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.
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Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.
Pronunciation
Pronoun
*þū
- you (singular), thou
Inflection
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *þū
- Old English: þū, ðū
- Middle English: þou, thou, þu, thu, þoue, thoue, þowe, thowe, þouȝ, thouȝ, þue, ðhu, þeu, þeou, thugh, thogh, þo, tu, tou, towe, you
- English: thou, tha (Yorkshire, Lancashire), thow, thu, du (Scotland), thoo (Orkney), yͧ (obsolete)
- Fingallian: thoo
- Scots: thou, du, thoo
- Yola: thou, th'
- Old Frisian: thū, dū
- North Frisian:
- Most dialects: dü
- Halligen: du
- Heligoland: di
- Saterland Frisian: du
- West Frisian: do, dû
- Old Saxon: thū
- Middle Low German: thu (earlier), du (later)
- Low German: du, diu (Westphalian)
- Old Dutch: thū, tu
- Old High German: dū, thū, ᛞᚢ (du)
- Middle High German: du
- Alemannic German: du
- Swabian: dau, d
- Bavarian:
- Cimbrian: du
- Mòcheno: du
- Central Franconian: du, dou
- Hunsrik: du
- Kölsch: do
- German: du
- Luxembourgish: du
- Rhine Franconian:
- Palatine German: du
- Pennsylvania German: du
- Yiddish: דו (du)
- Old Norse: þú, -du, -ðu, -tu — enclitic forms
- Icelandic: þú, -du, -ðu, -tu
- Faroese: tú
- Norwegian Nynorsk: du
- Norwegian Bokmål: du
- Jamtish: dú
- Elfdalian: du
- Old Swedish: þū
- Swedish: du, tu, thu, dhu (last three obsolete)
- Old Danish: thu
- Gothic: 𐌸𐌿 (þu)
- Crimean Gothic: tzo