Swahili
Etymology
From Arabic خَرَبَ (ḵaraba).[1]
Pronunciation
Verb
-haribu (infinitive kuharibu)
- to destroy, ruin, damage
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -haribu
|
| Positive present
|
-naharibu
|
| Subjunctive
|
-haribu
|
| Negative
|
-haribu
|
| Imperative singular
|
haribu
|
|
| Infinitives
|
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
haribu
|
| Plural
|
haribuni
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
huharibu
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -liharibu
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kuharibu
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -naharibu)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninaharibu/naharibu
|
tunaharibu
|
| 2nd person
|
unaharibu
|
mnaharibu
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anaharibu
|
wanaharibu
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -naharibu
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -haribu)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
siharibu
|
hatuharibu
|
| 2nd person
|
huharibu
|
hamharibu
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
haharibu
|
hawaharibu
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -haribu
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -taharibu
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -taharibu
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -haribu)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
niharibu
|
tuharibu
|
| 2nd person
|
uharibu
|
mharibu
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
aharibu
|
waharibu
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -haribu
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -siharibu
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngeharibu
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singeharibu
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngaliharibu
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singaliharibu
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -aharibu)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
naharibu
|
twaharibu
|
| 2nd person
|
waharibu
|
mwaharibu
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
aharibu
|
waharibu
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
waharibu
|
yaharibu
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
laharibu
|
yaharibu
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
chaharibu
|
vyaharibu
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yaharibu
|
zaharibu
|
| u(XI)
|
waharibu
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwaharibu
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
paharibu
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwaharibu
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -meharibu
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -meshaharibu
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -jaharibu
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kiharibu
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -sipoharibu
|
| Consecutive
|
kaharibu / positive subject concord + -kaharibu
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -kaharibu
|
|
| Object concord (indicative positive)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
-niharibu
|
-tuharibu
|
| 2nd person
|
-kuharibu
|
-waharibu/-kuharibuni/-waharibuni
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
-mharibu
|
-waharibu
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-uharibu
|
-iharibu
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-liharibu
|
-yaharibu
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kiharibu
|
-viharibu
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-iharibu
|
-ziharibu
|
| u(XI)
|
-uharibu
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kuharibu
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-paharibu
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-muharibu
|
|
| Reflexive
|
-jiharibu
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -haribu- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-haribuye
|
-haribuo
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-haribuo
|
-haribuyo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-haribulo
|
-haribuyo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-haribucho
|
-haribuvyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-haribuyo
|
-haribuzo
|
| u(XI)
|
-haribuo
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-haribuko
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-haribupo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-haribumo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -haribu)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yeharibu
|
-oharibu
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-oharibu
|
-yoharibu
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-loharibu
|
-yoharibu
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-choharibu
|
-vyoharibu
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yoharibu
|
-zoharibu
|
| u(XI)
|
-oharibu
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-koharibu
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-poharibu
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-moharibu
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
|
Derived terms
References
- ^ Baldi, Sergio (30 November 2020) Dictionary of Arabic Loanwords in the Languages of Central and East Africa (Handbuch der Orientalistik; Erste Abteilung: Der Nahe und der Mittlere Osten; 145), Leiden • Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 87 Nr. 775