Swahili
Etymology
From Arabic حِسَاب (ḥisāb).[1]
Pronunciation
Noun
hesabu class IX (plural hesabu class X)
- number
- sums, accounts
Verb
-hesabu (infinitive kuhesabu)
- to count
- to reckon, to calculate, to do sums
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -hesabu
|
| Positive present
|
-nahesabu
|
| Subjunctive
|
-hesabu
|
| Negative
|
-hesabu
|
| Imperative singular
|
hesabu
|
|
| Infinitives
|
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
hesabu
|
| Plural
|
hesabuni
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
huhesabu
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -lihesabu
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kuhesabu
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -nahesabu)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninahesabu/nahesabu
|
tunahesabu
|
| 2nd person
|
unahesabu
|
mnahesabu
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anahesabu
|
wanahesabu
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -nahesabu
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -hesabu)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
sihesabu
|
hatuhesabu
|
| 2nd person
|
huhesabu
|
hamhesabu
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
hahesabu
|
hawahesabu
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -hesabu
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -tahesabu
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -tahesabu
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -hesabu)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nihesabu
|
tuhesabu
|
| 2nd person
|
uhesabu
|
mhesabu
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
ahesabu
|
wahesabu
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -hesabu
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -sihesabu
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngehesabu
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singehesabu
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngalihesabu
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singalihesabu
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -ahesabu)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nahesabu
|
twahesabu
|
| 2nd person
|
wahesabu
|
mwahesabu
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
ahesabu
|
wahesabu
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
wahesabu
|
yahesabu
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
lahesabu
|
yahesabu
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
chahesabu
|
vyahesabu
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yahesabu
|
zahesabu
|
| u(XI)
|
wahesabu
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwahesabu
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
pahesabu
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwahesabu
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -mehesabu
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -meshahesabu
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -jahesabu
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kihesabu
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -sipohesabu
|
| Consecutive
|
kahesabu / positive subject concord + -kahesabu
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -kahesabu
|
|
| Object concord (indicative positive)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
-nihesabu
|
-tuhesabu
|
| 2nd person
|
-kuhesabu
|
-wahesabu/-kuhesabuni/-wahesabuni
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
-mhesabu
|
-wahesabu
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-uhesabu
|
-ihesabu
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lihesabu
|
-yahesabu
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kihesabu
|
-vihesabu
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-ihesabu
|
-zihesabu
|
| u(XI)
|
-uhesabu
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kuhesabu
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-pahesabu
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-muhesabu
|
|
| Reflexive
|
-jihesabu
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -hesabu- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-hesabuye
|
-hesabuo
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-hesabuo
|
-hesabuyo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-hesabulo
|
-hesabuyo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-hesabucho
|
-hesabuvyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-hesabuyo
|
-hesabuzo
|
| u(XI)
|
-hesabuo
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-hesabuko
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-hesabupo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-hesabumo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -hesabu)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yehesabu
|
-ohesabu
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-ohesabu
|
-yohesabu
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lohesabu
|
-yohesabu
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-chohesabu
|
-vyohesabu
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yohesabu
|
-zohesabu
|
| u(XI)
|
-ohesabu
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kohesabu
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-pohesabu
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-mohesabu
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
|
Derived terms
References
- ^ Baldi, Sergio (30 November 2020) Dictionary of Arabic Loanwords in the Languages of Central and East Africa (Handbuch der Orientalistik; Erste Abteilung: Der Nahe und der Mittlere Osten; 145), Leiden • Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 74 Nr. 645