rama

rama

1. (Mpakwithi) empty

• Terry Crowley, The Mpakwithi dialect of Anguthimri (1981), page 188

From Russian ра́ма (ráma).

• IPA^(key): [ˈrɑmɑ]
• Hyphenation: ra‧ma

rama (definite accusative ramanı, plural ramalar)

1. frame (structural elements of a building, bicycle, or other constructed object)

• “rama” in Obastan.com.

Borrowed from Old Javanese rāma.

• IPA^(key): /ra.mə/
• Rhymes: -amə
• Hyphenation: ra‧ma

rama (Balinese script ᬭᬵᬫ)

1. father
2. uncle

• “rama” in Balinese–Indonesian Dictionary [Kamus Bahasa Bali–Indonesia], Denpasar, Indonesia: The Linguistic Center of Bali Province [Balai Bahasa Provinsi Bali].

• raman

From Middle High German rūmen, from Old High German rūmen, from Proto-West Germanic *rūmijan, from Proto-Germanic *rūmijaną, derived from *rūmaz.

• IPA^(key): /ˈrama/, [ˈrɑmɑ]
• Hyphenation: ra‧ma

rama (past participle gramt)

1. to clear
2. to vacate
3. to evacuate

Inherited from Spanish rama (“branch”).

• IPA^(key): /ˈrama/, [ˈra.ma]
• Hyphenation: ra‧ma

rama

1. branch

• Audio:

  (file)

rama

1. third-person singular past historic of ramer

• arma

From Old Galician-Portuguese rama (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), a collective from ramo, from Latin ramus.

• IPA^(key): [ˈramɐ]

rama f (plural ramas)

1. branch
   • 1336, M. Lucas Alvarez & M. J. Justo Martín (eds.), Fontes documentais da Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Pergameos da serie Bens do Arquivo Histórico Universitario (Anos 1237-1537). Santiago: Consello da Cultura Galega, page 157:

     con suas casas, casâês, chantados, jures, perteenças et dereituras per rama et per colmo et per terra

     with its houses, farmhouses, plantations, rights, belongings and limits, by branch and thatch and earth [in medieval Galician it was customary that the seller would give a branch, thatch and earth taken from the sold property to the buyer, as symbol of the transference of the property]

   Synonyms: galla, póla, varelo

2. foliage

   A rama da pataca usábase durante a guerra como substitutivo do tabaco.

   During the Spanish Civil War, potato foliage was used as a substitute of tobacco.

   Synonyms: ramallada, ramaxe

3. field, branch, discipline

• ramaxe
• ramallo
• ramo

• Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “rama”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “rama”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “rama”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “rama”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “rama”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *lam (“road”).

rama

1. road, way, path
2. means

• sorok

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

rama

1. to spread (so that the object(s) dry in the sun)

• IPA^(key): /ɽá.màː/
  • (Standard Kano Hausa) IPA^(key): [ɽə́.màː]

ramā̀ f (possessed form ramàr̃)

1. hemp, jute

• IPA^(key): /ɽàː.má/
  • (Standard Kano Hausa) IPA^(key): [ɽàː.mə́]

rā̀ma f (possessed form rā̀mar̃)

1. emaciation

Inherited from Malay rama, from Classical Malay rama, from Javanese ꦫꦩ (rama).

• (Standard Indonesian) IPA^(key): /ˈrama/ [ˈra.ma]
• Rhymes: -ama
• Syllabification: ra‧ma

rama (plural rama-rama)

1. (Java) father

   Synonym: bapak

2. title conferred on an adult male

   Synonym: bapak

3. (Catholicism, rare) priest

   Synonyms: imam, padri, pastor

The sense of priest is more commonly written as romo.

• romo

• “rama” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

rama

1. inflection of ramare:
   1. third-person singular present indicative
   2. second-person singular imperative

• amar, arma, marà

rama

1. romanization of ꦫꦩ

• IPA^(key): /ˈra.ma/
• Rhymes: -ama
• Syllabification: ra‧ma

Borrowed from Polish rama.

rama f (diminutive ramka)

1. frame (connected strips surrounding a mirror, picture or glass)
2. frame (main structural element of a vehicle to which other parts are attached)
3. frame (rectangular object made of strips or tubing used to hold something in place)

Borrowed from German Ramme.^[1] Compare German Rammklotz for the semantic shift.

rama f (diminutive ramka)

1. (figurative) obese woman
2. old cow

• Sychta, Bernard (1970) “rama”, in Słownik gwar kaszubskich [Dictionary of Kashubian dialects] (in Polish), volumes 4 (P – Ř), Wrocław: Ossolineum, page 296
• Jan Trepczyk (1994) “rama”, in Słownik polsko-kaszubski (in Kashubian), volumes 1–2
• Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011) “rama”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi‎^[1]
• “rama”, in Internetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka [Internet Dictionary of the Kashubian Language], Fundacja Kaszuby, 2022

From Old Javanese rāma (“father”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *da-amax (“father”), from Proto-Austronesian *ama-h (“father”).

• (Johor-Selangor) IPA^(key): /ramə/
• (Riau-Lingga) IPA^(key): /rama/
• Rhymes: -amə, -mə, -ə

rama (Jawi spelling راما, plural rama-rama)

1. father (male parent)

• bapa (bapanda, bapai, bapak, bapang, baba, papa)
• abah (aba, bah)
• ayah (ayahanda, aya, yah)

• “rama” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

• arma

Borrowed from Sicilian armari. Sense 3 is from Arabic رَمَعَ (ramaʕa).

• IPA^(key): /ˈra.ma/

rama (imperfect jarma, past participle armat, verbal noun armar)

1. (transitive) to arm (to supply with armour or weapons)
2. (reflexive) to arm oneself; to become armed

   Rama ruħu ― He armed himself

4. (followed by the imperfect) to begin, to start

   Alternative form: rama’

5. (transitive) to contain, to hold inside
6. (transitive) to furnish, to equip
7. (transitive) to harness (to place a harness on something)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian (compare Indonesian damar).

rama

1. torch
2. light

From English rum.

rama

1. rum

• ram m or f

From Proto-West Germanic *hramu (“frame, support”).

rama f

1. support

• ram

Borrowed from Middle High German rame. First attested in 1394.

• IPA^(key): (10^th–15^th CE) /ra(ː)ma/
• IPA^(key): (15^th CE) /rama/, /rɒma/

rama f

1. (attested in Lesser Poland) frame (device consisting of wooden or metal boards or strips rigidly connected at their ends)
   • 1879-1920 [1461], Sprawozdania Komisji do Badania Historii Sztuki w Polsce‎^[2], volume V, Krakow, page XXIX:

     Pro rami seu fenestralia membranarum

     [Pro ramy seu fenestralia membranarum]

   • 1450, Piotr z Uścia, Rozariusz kapitulny, Ujście: Archiwum i Biblioteki Krakowskiej Kapituły Katedralnej, sygn. Ms 224, page 81r:

     Expansale dicitur illud cum quo pannus expanditur sev extenditur proprie rami circa textores uel pravydlo circa sartores

     [Expansale dicitur illud cum quo pannus expanditur sev extenditur proprie ramy circa textores uel pravydlo circa sartores]

• Polish: rama
  • → Belarusian: ра́ма (ráma)
  • → Kashubian: rama
  • → Russian: ра́ма (ráma)
    • → Azerbaijani: rama
    • → Ingush: рама (rama)
    • → Yakut: араама (araama)
  • → Ukrainian: ра́ма (ráma)
• Silesian: rama, rōma

• Boryś, Wiesław (2005) “rama”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN
• Mańczak, Witold (2017) “rama”, in Polski słownik etymologiczny (in Polish), Kraków: Polska Akademia Umiejętności, →ISBN
• Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000) “rama”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)
• B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “rama”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN
• Ewa Deptuchowa, Mariusz Frodyma, Katarzyna Jasińska, Magdalena Klapper, Dorota Kołodziej, Mariusz Leńczuk, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, editors (2023), “rama”, in Rozariusze z polskimi glosami. Internetowa baza danych [Dictionaries of Polish glosses, an Internet database] (in Polish), Kraków: Pracownia Języka Staropolskiego Instytut Języka Polskiego Polskiej Akademii Nauk

rama

1. mad
2. crazy

Inherited from Old Polish rama. Compare German Rahmen.

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ama
• Syllabification: ra‧ma

rama f (diminutive ramka)

1. frame (connected strips surrounding a mirror, picture or glass)
2. frame (main structural element of a vehicle to which other parts are attached)
   1. crossbar (tube of a bicycle frame)
3. frame (rectangular object made of strips or tubing used to hold something in place)
4. frame (specific conventional limit of something)
5. (obsolete) package containing 250 matchboxes
6. (obsolete) edge (outside most part of something, particularly of fabric)

• → Belarusian: ра́ма (ráma)
• → Kashubian: rama
• → Russian: ра́ма (ráma)
  • → Azerbaijani: rama
  • → Ingush: рама (rama)
  • → Yakut: араама (araama)
• → Ukrainian: ра́ма (ráma)

According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), rama is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 15 times in scientific texts, 23 times in news, 28 times in essays, 2 times in fiction, and 1 time in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 69 times, making it the 935th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.^[1]

• rama in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• rama in Polish dictionaries at PWN
• Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “rama”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
• Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “rama”, in Słownik języka polskiego
• Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “rama”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
• J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1912), “rama”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 5, Warsaw, page 471

• Rhymes: (Portugal) -ɐmɐ, (Brazil) -ɐ̃mɐ
• Hyphenation: ra‧ma

rama f (plural ramas)

1. foliage

rama

1. torch

Borrowed from French ramer.

a rama (third-person singular present ramează, past participle ramat) 1st conjugation

1. (intransitive) to row

From a Germanic language (compare German Rahmen).

rama m (plural ramas)

1. (Sursilvan) frame, framework

• rom (Rumantsch Grischun, Sursilvan, Sutsilvan, Surmiran, Vallader)
• ram (Puter)

• ramu (italianized)

Inherited from Vulgar Latin rāma.

• IPA^(key): /ˈʐa.ma/ (Standard)
• IPA^(key): /ˈɾa.ma/ (Weakened)
• Hyphenation: rà‧ma

rama f (plural rami)

1. branch (woody part of a tree arising from the trunk and usually dividing)
2. (figuratively) offshoot (that which develops from something else)

From Proto-Slavic *òrmę.

• IPA^(key): /ràːma/

ráma f

1. shoulder (joint between arm and torso)

The diacritics used in this section of the entry are non-tonal. If you are a native tonal speaker, please help by adding the tonal marks.

Feminine, a-stem
nom. sing.	ráma
gen. sing.	ráme
	singular	dual	plural
nominative (imenovȃlnik)	ráma	rámi	ráme
genitive (rodȋlnik)	ráme	rám	rám
dative (dajȃlnik)	rámi	rámama	rámam
accusative (tožȋlnik)	rámo	rámi	ráme
locative (mẹ̑stnik)	rámi	rámah	rámah
instrumental (orọ̑dnik)	rámo	rámama	rámami

• “rama”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU (in Slovene), 2014–2025

From ramo.

• IPA^(key): /ˈrama/ [ˈra.ma]

• Audio (Colombia):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ama
• Syllabification: ra‧ma

rama f (plural ramas)

1. branch (woody part of a tree arising from the trunk and usually dividing)
2. (figuratively) offshoot (that which develops from something else)

   Synonym: vástago

• vara

• “rama”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 10 December 2024

• amar
• arma

Inherited from Old Sundanese rama (“father, senior”), from Old Javanese rāma (“father, senior”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *da-amax, from Proto-Austronesian *ama-h (“father”). Cognate with Javanese ꦫꦩ (rama), Malay rama, Indonesian romo (“priest”).

• IPA^(key): /rama/

• Audio:

  (file)

rama (Sundanese script ᮛᮙ)

1. father

From ram (“frame”) +‎ -a.

rama (present ramar, preterite ramade, supine ramat, imperative rama)

1. (transitive) to frame (put a frame around)
2. (transitive, Scania, Malmö) to give somebody a lift on a bicycle

rama (not comparable)

1. only used in rena rama

• rama in Svensk ordbok (SO)
• rama in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
• rama in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)
• “’Ska jag rama dig?’”, in Språket i P1‎^[3], Sveriges Radio, 7 June 2016, retrieved 14 April 2020

• aram., arma, mara

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

rama

1. frame

Inflection of rama (inflection type 5/sana)
nominative sing.	rama
genitive sing.	raman
partitive sing.	ramad
partitive plur.	ramoid
	singular	plural
nominative	rama	ramad
accusative	raman	ramad
genitive	raman	ramoiden
partitive	ramad	ramoid
essive-instructive	raman	ramoin
translative	ramaks	ramoikš
inessive	ramas	ramoiš
elative	ramaspäi	ramoišpäi
illative	ramaha	ramoihe
adessive	ramal	ramoil
ablative	ramalpäi	ramoilpäi
allative	ramale	ramoile
abessive	ramata	ramoita
comitative	ramanke	ramoidenke
prolative	ramadme	ramoidme
approximative I	ramanno	ramoidenno
approximative II	ramannoks	ramoidennoks
egressive	ramannopäi	ramoidennopäi
terminative I	ramahasai	ramoihesai
terminative II	ramalesai	ramoilesai
terminative III	ramassai	—
additive I	ramahapäi	ramoihepäi
additive II	ramalepäi	ramoilepäi

• Zajceva, N. G., Mullonen, M. I. (2007) “оправа”, in Uz’ venä-vepsläine vajehnik / Novyj russko-vepsskij slovarʹ [New Russian–Veps Dictionary]‎^[4], Petrozavodsk: Periodika