تو

In the sense of a knot from Persian تو (tô, “twist”). In the sense of having been just a borrowing from Egyptian Arabic تَوّ (taww) in its meaning, also Hassaniya Arabic تو (tow, “instant”), Marazīq Tunisian Arabic تاو (tâu, “moment”), in view of Sabaean 𐩻𐩥 (ṯw, “until”) borrowed from Old South Arabian, in its more original meaning present in Andalusian Arabic ثَو ذَا (ṯaw ḏā) or تَو ذَا (taw ḏā, “until now”) and Yemeni Arabic تَو (taw, “in front of”), and following this prepositional character still most notorious with personal suffixes. Possibly corresponding to سَوْفَ (sawfa) and Ge'ez ሶበ (sobä), ሶቤ (sobe, “when”).

تَوّ • (taww) m (plural أَتْوَاء (ʔatwāʔ))

1. (obsolete) a knot, a twist or contortion in a rope; a rope that is twisted of a single strand
2. instantaneousness, immediacy, onlyness, the condition of having been present just i.e. recently and/or alone

Though parsing as a noun, the sense of an “instance” is of restricted use, often in the adverbial accusative تَوًّا (tawwan, “just; in a bit”), and in prepositional phrases فِي التَوِّ (fī t-tawwi) and لِلتَّوِّ (li-t-tawwi) which latter in particular also takes personal suffixes instead of the article, for the findability of which constructions this dictionary entry renders the following table:

• تَوَّة (tawwa, “a short period”)

• Corriente, F. (1997) A Dictionary of Andalusi Arabic (Handbook of Oriental Studies. Section 1 The Near and Middle East; 29)‎^[1], Leiden, New York, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, →LCCN, page 81b
• Corriente, Federico (2008) “Additions and corrections to A Dictionary of Andalusi Arabic”, in Wiener Zeitschrift für die Kunde des Morgenlandes‎^[2], volume 98, page 41
• Freytag, Georg (1830) “تو”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎^[3] (in Latin), volume 1, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 203a
• Lane, Edward William (1863-1893) “تو”, in Arabic-English Lexicon, London: Williams & Norgate, pages 320–321.
• Wehr, Hans with Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985) “تو”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart‎^[4] (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, page 146a

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *tǖk

تُو (tǖ)

1. hair, body hair

   بِرْ تُو سَجْ ― bir tǖ sač ― a single hair

2. color
3. kind

• Chagatai:
  • Uzbek: tuk
  • Uyghur: تۈك (tük)

• al-Kashgarî, Mahmud (1072–1074) Besim Atalay, transl., Divanü Lûgat-it-Türk Tercümesi [Translation of the “Compendium of the languages of the Turks”] (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 521) (in Turkish), 1985 edition, volume III, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurmu Basımevi, published 1939–1943, page 207
• Clauson, Gerard (1972) “tü:”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 433

According to Clauson, likely borrowed from Middle Chinese 湯 (*tʰɑŋ), which he suggests was pronounced as something like "*to" in the unspecific Northwestern dialect the word was probably borrowed from.

تُو (tō)

1. (hapax legomenon) a sort of flour prepared like a porridge

• al-Kashgarî, Mahmud (1072–1074) Besim Atalay, transl., Divanü Lûgat-it-Türk Tercümesi [Translation of the “Compendium of the languages of the Turks”] (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 521) (in Turkish), 1985 edition, volume III, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurmu Basımevi, published 1939–1943, page 207
• Clauson, Gerard (1972) “to:”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 433

توٗ (tó)

1. boiled egg

تو

1. Jawi spelling of tu.‎‎

تو

1. Jawi spelling of tu.‎‎

• توك (tük), توی (tüy), دو (dü)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *tǖk. Compare Karakhanid تُو (tǖ).

• IPA^(key): /ty(ː)/

تو • (tü) (definite accusative تویی (tüyi), plural تولر (tüler))

1. hair, a pigmented filament of keratin which grows from a follicle on the skin of humans and other mammals.

   Synonym: صاچ (saç)

2. (strictly) body hair, the hair of the body as opposed to facial hair and headhair
3. feather, a branching, hair-like structure that grows on the bodies of birds, used for flight, swimming, protection and display.

   Synonym: یوك (yüg)

• Azerbaijani: tük
• Gagauz: tüü
• Ottoman Turkish: توی (tüy), توك (tüğ)
  • Turkish: tüy
  • → Armenian: թո̈ւյ (tʻüy)

• Kanar, Mehmet (2018) “tüg”, in Eski Anadolu Türkçesi Sözlüğü [Old Anatolian Turkish Dictionary] (in Turkish), 2nd edition, Istanbul: Say Yayınları, page 671
• “tü”, in XIII. Yüzyılından Beri Türkiye Türkçesiyle Yazılmış Kitaplarından Toplanan Tanıklarıyle Tarama Sözlüğü (Türk Dil Kurumu yayınları; 212)‎^[5] (in Turkish), Ankara: Türk Dil Kurumu, 1963–1977
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “tüy”, in Nişanyan Sözlük

From Middle Persian 𐭫𐭪 (LK /⁠tō⁠/, “you, thou”), from Old Persian (compare 𐎬𐎺𐎶 (tuvam)), from Proto-Iranian *tuHám (compare Northern Kurdish tu, Pashto ته (tə), Avestan 𐬙𐬏𐬨 (tūm)), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *tuHám, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.

Readings
Classical reading?	tu
Dari reading?	tu
Iranian reading?	to
Tajik reading?	tu

• Audio (Iran):

  (file)

• Reconstructed as a short vowel in Classical Persian, despite its written form indicating a long vowel.

تو • (to)

1. you, thou (informal, singular)
2. (generally with following را) you, thee
3. (at the end of an ezafe) your, thy

• The form تو را (to râ) may be contracted into ترا (torâ). Both forms are pronounced the same regardless.

• شما (formal, polite, and grammatically plural)

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

• IPA^(key): /tuː/

تو • (tav, tow) (archaic)

1. pool, puddle

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

تو • (tô) (archaic)

1. fold, twist, turn

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

• IPA^(key): /tuː/
• Rhymes: -uː

تو • (tu)

1. (Iran or rare) inside; interior
2. (In some Regional Languages such as Luri) room, especially an outdoor room (Synonymous with اتاق (otâq, otâq) which is of Turkic origin)

تو • (tu)

1. (Iran or rare) in; inside

   Synonym: در (dar)

   • 2023, “پاقدم”, performed by علیرضا طلیسچی:

     تو رفتی ولی فکر تو، تو سر من موند / همیشه نبودت من و قلبمو ترسوند

     to rafti vali fekr-e to tu sar-e man mund / hamiše nabudet man o qalbamo tarsund

     you left but the thought of you remained in my head / your absence always scared me and my heart

• May be construed with or without ezafe.

تو • (tu)

1. (Iran or rare) inside

تو • (tu)

1. (Iran or rare) within; interior; inner

   Synonym: در (dar)

تو (tow)

1. (Masarm, Deh Sarv) fever

Inherited from Sauraseni Apabhramsa तुहुं (tuhũ), from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀢𑀼𑀫𑀁 (tumaṃ), 𑀢𑀼𑀁 (tuṃ), from Sanskrit त्वम् (tvam).

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /t̪uː/
• Rhymes: -uː

تُو • (tū) (Hindi spelling तू)

1. (informal, intimate, contemptuous, possibly vulgar) second-person singular subjective personal pronoun: you, thou; Early Modern English thou.
2. (dialectal, literary, religion) second-person singular subjective personal pronoun, intimate or very polite: Thou

   اے خدا تو ہی میرا مددگار ہے!

   ai xudā tū-hī merā madadgār hai!

   O God, only Thou art my helper!

• تو is the least formal way of expressing "you" in Urdu and is used when addressing those of much lower social status or those one has a close enough relationship with to justify the reduced formality. Because the less formal forms could offend others, آپ is the safest way to express "you" unless there is reason to be less formal, where تم would be appropriate. The usage of تو varies. In some cases speakers would use it to refer to babies or children or even close friends, while others would use it only to refer to those they consider socially inferior, and some consider its use for people to be very rude in any situation. However تو, when used to address deities reflects a sense of reverence and closeness commensurate with the lack of formalities.

تُو • (tū) sg (plural تم, Hindi spelling तू)

1. (informal, intimate, contemptuous, possibly vulgar) the individual spoken or written to; you, thou, Early Modern English thou.

• تم (tum) - semiformal, familiar, grammatically plural
• آپ (āp) - formal, polite, grammatically plural

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit, probably from Sanskrit ततस् (tatas, “from there”).

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /t̪oː/

تو • (to) (Hindi spelling तो)

1. then

• Platts, John T. (1884) “تو”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
• McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “तू”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press