哀矜

Chinese

		sorrow; grief; pity sorrow; grief; pity; to grieve for; to pity; to lament	boast; esteem; sympathize
trad. (哀矜)		哀	矜
simp. ^#(哀矜)		哀	矜

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): āijīn

(Zhuyin): ㄞㄐㄧㄣ
Cantonese (Jyutping): oi¹ ging¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: āijīn
  - Zhuyin: ㄞㄐㄧㄣ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: aijin
  - Wade–Giles: ai¹-chin¹
  - Yale: āi-jīn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: aijin
  - Palladius: айцзинь (ajczinʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˀaɪ̯⁵⁵ t͡ɕin⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: oi¹ ging¹
  - Yale: ōi gīng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: oi¹ ging¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: oi¹ ging¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɔːi̯⁵⁵ kɪŋ⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: 'oj king

Rime
Character	哀	矜
Reading #	1/1	1/3
Initial (聲)	影 (34)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	咍 (41)	蒸 (133)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	III
Fanqie	烏開切	居陵切
Baxter	'oj	king
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔʌi/	/kɨŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔəi/	/kɨŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔɒi/	/kieŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔəj/	/kiŋ/
Li Rong	/ʔᴀi/	/kiəŋ/
Wang Li	/ɒi/	/kĭəŋ/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ʔɑ̆i/	/ki̯əŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	āi	jīng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	oi¹	ging¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*ʔˤəj k-riŋ/

(Zhengzhang): /*qɯːl kɯŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	哀	矜
Reading #	1/1	1/3
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	āi	jīn
Middle Chinese	‹ ʔoj ›	‹ king ›
Old Chinese	/*ʔˁəj/	/k-riŋ/ (dialect: k-r- > k-, *-iŋ > MC -ing)
English	to pity; sad	pity (v.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	哀	矜
Reading #	1/1	3/3
No.	14835	6631
Phonetic component	衣	今
Rime group	微	蒸
Rime subdivision	1	0
Corresponding MC rime	哀	兢
Old Chinese	/*qɯːl/	/*kɯŋ/

Verb

哀矜

(literary) to feel compassion for; to pity
- 皇帝哀矜庶戮之不辜，報虐以威，遏絕苗民，無世在下。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, trad.]
  皇帝哀矜庶戮之不辜，报虐以威，遏绝苗民，无世在下。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, simp.]
  From: The Book of Documents, circa 4^th – 3^rd century BCE
  Huángdì āijīn shùlù zhī bùgū, bào nüè yǐ wēi, èjué miáomín, wú shì zài xià. [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- 氓黎飢餒，採掇存命，聖上哀矜，已垂存拯。 [Literary Chinese, trad.]
  氓黎饥馁，采掇存命，圣上哀矜，已垂存拯。 [Literary Chinese, simp.]
  From: Shen Yue, Book of Song, 492-493 CE
  Mánglí jīněi, cǎiduō cúnmìng, shèngshàng āijīn, yǐ chuí cúnzhěng. [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Synonyms

可憐 / 可怜 (kělián)
同情 (tóngqíng)
哀憐 / 哀怜 (āilián)
心疼 (xīnténg)
悲憫 / 悲悯 (bēimǐn)
惻隱 / 恻隐 (cèyǐn) (formal)
憐惜 / 怜惜 (liánxī)
憐憫 / 怜悯 (liánmǐn)
矜憫 / 矜悯 (jīnmǐn) (literary)
(Ningbonese) 罪過 / 罪过