寢
See also: 寝
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Translingual
| Stroke order | |||
|---|---|---|---|
Han character
寢 (Kangxi radical 40, 宀+11, 14 strokes, cangjie input 十女一水 (JVME), four-corner 30247, composition ⿱宀⿰爿𠬶 or ⿱宀𭷆)
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 290, character 22
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7289
- Dae Jaweon: page 575, character 2
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 951, character 1
- Unihan data for U+5BE2
Chinese
| trad. | 寢 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 寝 | |
| alternative forms | ||
Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (侵) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *sʰimʔ) and ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): semantic 宀 (“roof”) + semantic 爿 (“bed”) + phonetic 𠬶 (“broom and hand”).
Etymology 1
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-(d)z(i/u)m (“sleep”) (STEDT). Cognate with Tibetan གཟིམ (gzim, “to sleep; to fall asleep”).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): cam2
- Hakka
- Eastern Min (BUC): chīng
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): cing3
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 5chin
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: qǐn
- Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄣˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: cǐn
- Wade–Giles: chʻin3
- Yale: chǐn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chiin
- Palladius: цинь (cinʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕʰin²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: cam2
- Yale: chám
- Cantonese Pinyin: tsam2
- Guangdong Romanization: cem2
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰɐm³⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhím
- Hakka Romanization System: qimˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: qim3
- Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰim³¹/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: cimˊ
- Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰim²⁴/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Eastern Min
- Puxian Min
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: cing3
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: chîng
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰiŋ⁴⁵³/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: cing3
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰiŋ³³²/
- (Putian)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhím
- Tâi-lô: tshím
- Phofsit Daibuun: chiem
- IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰim⁵³/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰim⁵⁵⁴/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰim⁵³/
- IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰim⁵³/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰim⁴¹/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: cim2 / zim2
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshím / tsím
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰim⁵²/, /t͡sim⁵²/
- (Hokkien)
- Wu
- Middle Chinese: tshimX
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[tsʰ]imʔ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*sʰimʔ/
Definitions
寢
- to sleep
- (literary) to lie down
- bedroom
- (literary) to stop; to halt
- (historical) imperial tomb; ancestral chamber
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 睡覺 (“to sleep”) [map]
Dialectal synonyms of 躺 (“to lie; to recline”) [map]
| Variety | Location | Words |
|---|---|---|
| Classical Chinese | 寢, 臥 | |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 躺, 臥, 躺臥 | |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 躺, 歪 |
| Taiwan | 躺 | |
| Singapore | 躺 | |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 躺 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 睡, 躺 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 躺, 睡 |
| Wuhan | 睡 | |
| Guilin | 躺 | |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 躺, 睡 |
| Hefei | 睡, 躺 | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 瞓 |
| Hong Kong | 瞓 | |
| Taishan | 眠 | |
| Kaiping (Chikan) | 眠 | |
| Yangjiang | 睡 | |
| Singapore (Guangfu) | 瞓 | |
| Gan | Nanchang | 睏 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 眠, 抗 |
| Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 睡 | |
| Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 眠 | |
| Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 睡 | |
| Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 睡 | |
| Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 睡 | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 躺, 睡 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 倒 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 倒 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 倒 |
| Quanzhou | 倒 | |
| Zhangzhou | 倒 | |
| Penang (Hokkien) | 倒 | |
| Singapore (Hokkien) | 倒 | |
| Manila (Hokkien) | 倒 | |
| Chaozhou | 倒 | |
| Shantou | 夗 | |
| Jieyang | 夗 | |
| Wu | Suzhou | 睏 |
| Wenzhou | 翻, 倒 | |
| Xiang | Changsha | 睏 |
| Shuangfeng | 睏 | |
Compounds
- 內寢 / 内寝
- 共寢 / 共寝 (gòngqǐn)
- 問寢 / 问寝
- 園寢 / 园寝
- 壽終內寢 / 寿终内寝
- 壽終正寢 / 寿终正寝 (shòuzhōngzhèngqǐn)
- 安寢 / 安寝 (ānqǐn)
- 寢不安席 / 寝不安席
- 寢不能寐 / 寝不能寐
- 寢不遑安 / 寝不遑安
- 寢丘之志 / 寝丘之志
- 寢兵 / 寝兵
- 寢具 / 寝具 (qǐnjù)
- 寢室 / 寝室 (qǐnshì)
- 寢宮 / 寝宫 (qǐngōng)
- 寢廟 / 寝庙
- 寢息 / 寝息 (qǐnxī)
- 寢殿 / 寝殿
- 寢疾 / 寝疾
- 寢皮食肉 / 寝皮食肉
- 寢苫枕塊 / 寝苫枕块
- 寢苫枕草 / 寝苫枕草
- 寢薦 / 寝荐
- 寢處 / 寝处
- 寢衣 / 寝衣
- 寢車 / 寝车 (qǐnchē)
- 寢門 / 寝门
- 寢陋 / 寝陋
- 寢食 / 寝食 (qǐnshí)
- 寢食不安 / 寝食不安 (qǐnshíbù'ān)
- 寢食俱廢 / 寝食俱废
- 寢食難安 / 寝食难安 (qǐnshínán'ān)
- 小寢 / 小寝
- 就寢 / 就寝 (jiùqǐn)
- 廢寢忘食 / 废寝忘食 (fèiqǐnwàngshí)
- 廢寢忘餐 / 废寝忘餐
- 廢寢輟食 / 废寝辍食
- 廢食忘寢 / 废食忘寝
- 忘寢廢食 / 忘寝废食
- 忘餐失寢 / 忘餐失寝
- 忘餐廢寢 / 忘餐废寝
- 憨寢 / 憨寝
- 按甲寢兵 / 按甲寝兵
- 晏寢 / 晏寝
- 晝寢 / 昼寝 (zhòuqǐn)
- 枕戈寢甲 / 枕戈寝甲
- 桂宮柏寢 / 桂宫柏寝
- 正寢 / 正寝
- 歸寢 / 归寝
- 疾終正寢 / 疾终正寝
- 篠寢 / 筱寝
- 美食甘寢 / 美食甘寝
- 臨寢 / 临寝
- 色衰愛寢 / 色衰爱寝
- 薦寢席 / 荐寝席
- 貌寢 / 貌寝
- 陵寢 / 陵寝 (língqǐn)
- 雞鳴問寢 / 鸡鸣问寝
- 靈寢 / 灵寝 (língqǐn)
- 食肉寢皮 / 食肉寝皮 (shíròuqǐnpí)
- 高枕安寢 / 高枕安寝
Etymology 2
| trad. | 寢 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 寝 | |
| alternative forms | 纔／才 𡨞 侵 | |
Compare 這馬 / 这马 (chit-má, chím-má, chím-á).[1]
Pronunciation
- Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chhím
Definitions
寢
- (Xiamen, Zhangzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien) to approach; to draw near; to imminently occur
- 寢年／寝年 [Hokkien] ― chhím nî [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― to approach the end of the year
- 寢水墘／寝水墘 [Hokkien] ― chhím chúi-kîⁿ [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― approaching the edge of the water
- (Xiamen, Quanzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien) just; just now; a moment ago
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 剛才 (“just now”) [map]
Compounds
References
- ^ Barclay, Thomas (1923) “*chím (cf. chhím)”, in Supplement to Dictionary of the Amoy Colloquial Language (overall work in Hokkien and English), Shanghai: The Commercial Press, Limited, page 24
- “寢”, in 重編國語辭典修訂本 [Revised Mandarin Chinese Dictionary] (in Chinese), National Academy for Educational Research (Taiwan), 2021.
- “寢”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
| 寝 | |
| 寢 |
Kanji
寢
(Jinmeiyō kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 寝)
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Readings
Korean
Hanja
寢 • (chim) (hangeul 침, revised chim, McCune–Reischauer ch'im)
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Compounds
Compounds
Vietnamese
Han character
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