祝

See also: ㈷ and ㊗

祝	U+795D, 祝 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-795D

← 祜
[U+795C]

CJK Unified Ideographs

神 →
[U+795E]

祝	U+FA51, 祝 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA51

← 祖
[U+FA50]

CJK Compatibility Ideographs

禍 →
[U+FA52]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

祝 (Kangxi radical 113, 示+5, 9 strokes, cangjie input 戈火口竹山 (IFRHU), four-corner 3621₀, composition ⿰礻兄(GHTJV) or ⿰示兄(K or U+FA51))

Derived characters

𠺷, 𣘌, 𰳓, 𨃷, 𱾋, 𤹙, 𡎺

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 842, character 1
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24672
Dae Jaweon: page 1260, character 10
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2393, character 1
Unihan data for U+795D

Unihan data for U+FA51

Chinese

simp. and trad.		祝
alternative forms		𩚶𥘱

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 祝
Shang	Western Zhou	Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series () (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
祝	tjuɡs, tjuɡ
呪	*tjus
咒	*tjus
柷	tjuɡ, tʰjuɡ

Ideogram (指事) – a man kneeling with open mouth (兄) next to an altar (示).

Etymology

Perhaps related to 觸 (OC *tʰjoɡ, “to butt, knock against”); see there for more (STEDT).

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zhù (zhu⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄓㄨˋ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): zuk¹

(Taishan, Wiktionary): zuuk²
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): chuk

(Meixian, Guangdong): zug⁵
Northern Min (KCR): cṳ̆
Eastern Min (BUC): cé̤ṳk
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): chiok

(Teochew, Peng'im): zog⁴
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁷tsoq
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): zhou⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zhù
  - Zhuyin: ㄓㄨˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jhù
  - Wade–Giles: chu⁴
  - Yale: jù
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: juh
  - Palladius: чжу (čžu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂu⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: zuk¹
  - Yale: jūk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzuk⁷
  - Guangdong Romanization: zug¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʊk̚⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: zuuk²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɵk̚⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chuk
  - Hakka Romanization System: zug^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: zug⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡suk̚²/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: zug⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʊk̚¹/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: cṳ̆
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sy²⁴/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: cé̤ṳk
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡søyʔ²⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiok
  - Tâi-lô: tsiok
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ciog
  - IPA (Xiamen): /t͡siɔk̚³²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siɔk̚⁵/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡siɔk̚³²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡siɔk̚³²/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡siɔk̚³²/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: zog⁴
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsok
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sok̚²/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁷tsoq
  - MiniDict: tsoh^入
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁴tsoq
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡soʔ⁵⁵/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: zhou⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key) (old-style): /ʈ͡ʂəu̯²⁴/
  - Sinological IPA ^(key) (new-style): /t͡səu̯²⁴/

Middle Chinese: tsyuwk

Rime
Character	祝
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	章 (23)
Final (韻)	屋 (4)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	之六切
Baxter	tsyuwk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ɕɨuk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡ɕiuk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ɕiuk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/cuwk̚/
Li Rong	/t͡ɕiuk̚/
Wang Li	/t͡ɕĭuk̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/t͡ɕi̯uk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zuk¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[t]uk/, /*tuk/

(Zhengzhang): /*tjuɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	祝	祝
Reading #	2/3	3/3
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhù	zhù
Middle Chinese	‹ tsyuwk ›	‹ tsyuwk ›
Old Chinese	/*[t]uk/	/*tuk/
English	pray, recite	cut off, break
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	祝
Reading #	2/2
No.	17653
Phonetic component
Rime group	覺
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	粥
Old Chinese	/*tjuɡ/

Definitions

祝

to offer good wishes
祝你身體健康！／祝你身体健康！ ― Zhù nǐ shēntǐ jiànkāng! ― I wish you good health!
(literary, or in compounds) to pray; to say prayers
祝告 ― zhùgào ― to pray
(literary) words said in a prayer in a religious ceremony
(literary) wizard; warlock; sorcerer
(literary) temple attendant who burns joss sticks and candles
(literary) to break off; to cut off; to sever
a surname
祝允明 ― Zhù Yǔnmíng ― Zhu Yunming

Synonyms

(to offer good wishes):

edit

敬祝 (jìngzhù) (honorific)
祈望 (qíwàng)
祈願 / 祈愿 (qíyuàn)
祝福 (zhùfú)
祝頌 / 祝颂 (zhùsòng)
祝願 / 祝愿 (zhùyuàn)

(to pray): 祈福 (qífú)
(to break off):

edit

斷絕 / 断绝 (duànjué)
絕 / 绝 (jué) (literary, or in compounds)
結絕 / 结绝 (jiéjué) (literary)
隔斷 / 隔断
隔絕 / 隔绝 (géjué)
隔離 / 隔离 (gélí)

Compounds

卜祝
太祝
奈上祝下
對天祝告 / 对天祝告
尸祝
尸祝代庖
嵩祝
巫祝 (wūzhù)
廟祝 / 庙祝 (miàozhù)
慶祝 / 庆祝 (qìngzhù)
慶祝大會 / 庆祝大会
敬祝 (jìngzhù)
梁祝 (Liáng-Zhù)
祝付
祝允明
祝史
祝告 (zhùgào)
祝嘏
祝壽 / 祝寿 (zhùshòu)
祝壽延年 / 祝寿延年
祝巫
祝文 (zhùwén)
祝版
祝犁
祝由科
祝福 (zhùfú)
祝禱 / 祝祷 (zhùdǎo)
祝網 / 祝网
祝聖 / 祝圣 (zhùshèng)
祝英臺 / 祝英台
祝融 (Zhùróng)
祝詞 / 祝词 (zhùcí)
祝讚 / 祝赞
祝賀 / 祝贺 (zhùhè)
祝釐
祝願 / 祝愿 (zhùyuàn)
祝髮 / 祝发
禱祝 / 祷祝 (dǎozhù)
華封三祝 / 华封三祝
華祝三多 / 华祝三多
詛祝 / 诅祝
預祝 / 预祝 (yùzhù)
馨香禱祝 / 馨香祷祝

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (祝):

→ Vietnamese: chúc (祝)

Pronunciation 2

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zhòu (zhou⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄓㄡˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zau³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zhòu
  - Zhuyin: ㄓㄡˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jhòu
  - Wade–Giles: chou⁴
  - Yale: jòu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jow
  - Palladius: чжоу (čžou)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: zau³
  - Yale: jau
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzau³
  - Guangdong Romanization: zeo³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɐu̯³³/

Middle Chinese: tsyuwH

Rime
Character	祝
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	章 (23)
Final (韻)	尤 (136)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	職救切
Baxter	tsyuwH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ɕɨu^H/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡ɕiu^H/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ɕiəu^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/cuw^H/
Li Rong	/t͡ɕiu^H/
Wang Li	/t͡ɕĭəu^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/t͡ɕi̯ə̯u^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhòu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zau³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[t]uk-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*tjuɡs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	祝
Reading #	1/3
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhòu
Middle Chinese	‹ tsyuw^H ›
Old Chinese	/*[t]uk-s/
English	to curse
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	祝
Reading #	1/2
No.	17650
Phonetic component
Rime group	奧
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	呪
Old Chinese	/*tjuɡs/
Notes	見詩，說文作詶，後作呪

Definitions

祝

alternative form of 咒 (zhòu, “to curse”)

Japanese

Shinjitai	祝
Kyūjitai ^[1]^[2]	祝 `祝` or 祝+`︀`^?
	祝󠄀 祝+`󠄀`^? (Adobe-Japan1)
	祝󠄃 祝+`󠄃`^? (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details.

Kanji

祝

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 祝)

Readings

From Middle Chinese 祝 (MC tsyuwk):

Go-on: しゅく (shuku, Jōyō)
Kan-on: しゅく (shuku, Jōyō)

From Middle Chinese 祝 (MC tsyuwH):

Go-on: しゅ (shu)
Kan-on: しゅう (shū, Jōyō ^†)^{←しう (siu, historical)}

From native Japanese roots:

Kun: いわう (iwau, 祝う, Jōyō)^{←いはふ (ifafu, 祝ふ, historical)}、のりと (norito, 祝)、はふり (hafuri, 祝)^{←はふり (fafuri, 祝, historical)}、ほうり (hōri, 祝)^{←はふり (fafuri, 祝, historical)}、ほがう (hogau, 祝う)^{←ほがふ (fogafu, 祝ふ, historical)}、ほぐ (hogu, 祝ぐ)
Nanori: い (i)、いわい (iwai)、とき (toki)、のり (nori)、のりと (norito)、はじめ (hajime)、ほう (hō)、ほぎ (hogi)、ゆわい (yuwai)、よし (yoshi)

Compounds

祝福(しゅくふく) (shukufuku): a blessing
祝印(しゅういん) (shūin): a blessed seal or stamp
祝日(しゅくじつ) (shukujitsu): a holiday, holidays

Prefix

祝(しゅく) • (shuku-)

celebration of …

References

^ “祝”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2025
^ Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 1555 (paper), page 829 (digital)

Korean

Hanja

祝 (eumhun 빌 축 (bil chuk))

hanja form^? of 축 (“wish; celebrating”)

Compounds

祝文 (축문)
祝賀 (축하)

Vietnamese

Han character

祝: Hán Nôm readings: chúc, chóc, chọc, chốc, chuốc, dốc, gióc

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

[1] “祝”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2025

[2] Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 1555 (paper), page 829 (digital)

[1]

[2]