輔

See also: 辅

輔	U+8F14, 輔 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8F14

← 輓
[U+8F13]

CJK Unified Ideographs

輕 →
[U+8F15]

Translingual

Han character

輔 (Kangxi radical 159, 車+7, 14 strokes, cangjie input 十十戈十月 (JJIJB), four-corner 5302₇, composition ⿰車甫)

Derived characters

𭲽

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 1244, character 5
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 38342
Dae Jaweon: page 1720, character 1
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3533, character 3
Unihan data for U+8F14

Chinese

trad.		輔
simp.		辅

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (甫) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
豧	pʰoːs, pʰa, *pʰas
縛	baːɡs, baɡ
逋	*paː
餔	paː, baːs
晡	*paː
庯	*paː
陠	paː, pʰaː
鵏	paː, baːs
峬	*paː
誧	paː, pʰaː, pʰaːʔ, pʰaːs
秿	paː, pʰa, *baʔ
鯆	paː, pʰaː, *paʔ
補	*paːʔ
圃	paːʔ, paːs
鋪	pʰaː, pʰaːs, *pʰa
痡	pʰaː, pʰa
浦	*pʰaːʔ
烳	*pʰaːʔ
溥	pʰaːʔ, paːɡ
悑	*pʰaːs
酺	*baː
匍	*baː
蜅	baː, paʔ
脯	baː, paʔ
葡	*baː
蒱	*baː
蒲	*baː
簿	baːʔ, baːɡ
捕	*baːs
哺	*baːs
簠	pa, paʔ, *pʰas
甫	*paʔ
黼	*paʔ
莆	*paʔ
俌	paʔ, pʰaʔ
郙	paʔ, pʰa
傅	*paɡs
搏	paɡs, paːɡ, *pʰaːɡ
麱	*pʰa
尃	*pʰa
榑	*ba
輔	*baʔ
鬴	*baʔ
賻	*baɡs
博	*paːɡ
髆	*paːɡ
鎛	*paːɡ
猼	*paːɡ
餺	*paːɡ
簙	*paːɡ
鑮	paːɡ, baːɡ
欂	paːɡ, baɡ, *breːɡ
蒪	*pʰaːɡ
膊	*pʰaːɡ
薄	*baːɡ
礡	*baːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *baʔ): semantic 車 + phonetic 甫 (OC *paʔ).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): fǔ (fu³)

(Zhuyin): ㄈㄨˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): fu⁶
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): phú

(Meixian, Guangdong): pu³ / fu³
Eastern Min (BUC): hū
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): hú / hù

(Teochew, Peng'im): hu⁶
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶vu

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: fǔ
  - Zhuyin: ㄈㄨˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: fǔ
  - Wade–Giles: fu³
  - Yale: fǔ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fuu
  - Palladius: фу (fu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fu²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: fu⁶
  - Yale: fuh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: fu⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: fu⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fuː²²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: phú
  - Hakka Romanization System: pu^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: pu³
  - Sinological IPA: /pʰu³¹/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: pu³ / fu³
  - Sinological IPA: /pʰu³¹/, /fu³¹/

Note:

Meixian:
- pu3 - vernacular;
- fu3 - literary.

Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: hū
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hu³³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hú
  - Tâi-lô: hú
  - Phofsit Daibuun: huo
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /hu⁴¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /hu⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /hu⁵³/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hù
  - Tâi-lô: hù
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hux
  - IPA (Taipei): /hu¹¹/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /hu²¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: hu⁶
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hŭ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hu³⁵/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁶vu
  - MiniDict: vu^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³vu
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /vu²³/

Middle Chinese: bjuX

Rime
Character	輔
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	並 (3)
Final (韻)	虞 (24)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	扶雨切
Baxter	bjuX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/bɨo^X/
Pan Wuyun	/bio^X/
Shao Rongfen	/bio^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/buə̆^X/
Li Rong	/bio^X/
Wang Li	/bĭu^X/
Bernhard Karlgren	/bʱi̯u^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	fù
Expected Cantonese Reflex	fu⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[b](r)aʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*baʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	輔
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	fǔ
Middle Chinese	‹ bju^X ›
Old Chinese	/*[b](r)aʔ/
English	help
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	輔
Reading #	1/1
No.	3470
Phonetic component	甫
Rime group	魚
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	父
Old Chinese	/*baʔ/

Definitions

輔

(obsolete) protective wooden bars that helped prevent a carriage from overturning
(literary) cheek
to assist
- 曾子曰：「君子以文會友，以友輔仁。」 [Traditional Chinese poetry, trad.]
  曾子曰：「君子以文会友，以友辅仁。」 [Traditional Chinese poetry, simp.]
  From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  Céngzǐ yuē: “Jūnzǐ yǐ wén huì yǒu, yǐ yǒu fǔ rén.” [Pinyin]
  The philosopher Zeng said, "The superior man on grounds of culture meets with his friends, and by friendship helps his virtue."
(historical) area near the capital

Compounds

三輔 / 三辅 (sānfǔ)
個別輔導 / 个别辅导
內輔 / 内辅
公輔 / 公辅
右輔 / 右辅
團體輔導 / 团体辅导
基輔 / 基辅 (Jīfǔ)
基輔公國 / 基辅公国
天輔 / 天辅
太輔 / 太辅
夾輔 / 夹辅 (jiāfǔ)
宰輔 / 宰辅
就業輔導 / 就业辅导
左輔右弼 / 左辅右弼
教育輔導 / 教育辅导
生活輔導 / 生活辅导
畿輔 / 畿辅 (jīfǔ)
相輔相成 / 相辅相成 (xiāngfǔxiāngchéng)
相輔而成 / 相辅而成
相輔而行 / 相辅而行
職業輔導 / 职业辅导
臺輔 / 台辅
藩輔 / 藩辅
複輔音 / 复辅音 (fùfǔyīn)
課外輔導 / 课外辅导
課後輔導 / 课后辅导
課業輔導 / 课业辅导
車輔 / 车辅
輔仁大學 / 辅仁大学
輔佐 / 辅佐 (fǔzuǒ)
輔佐人 / 辅佐人
輔光 / 辅光
輔助 / 辅助 (fǔzhù)
輔助車道 / 辅助车道
輔國 / 辅国
輔導 / 辅导 (fǔdǎo)
輔導員 / 辅导员 (fǔdǎoyuán)
輔導級 / 辅导级
輔幣 / 辅币 (fǔbì)
輔弼 / 辅弼 (fǔbì)
輔弼之勛 / 辅弼之勋
輔政 / 辅政 (fǔzhèng)
輔時 / 辅时
輔相 / 辅相
輔翼 / 辅翼 (fǔyì)
輔行 / 辅行
輔贊 / 辅赞
輔車相依 / 辅车相依
輔車脣齒 / 辅车唇齿
輔選 / 辅选
輔音 / 辅音 (fǔyīn)
關輔 / 关辅
靨輔 / 靥辅 (yèfǔ)
頰輔 / 颊辅
魏良輔 / 魏良辅
鼎輔 / 鼎辅

References

“輔”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

輔

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

cheek, cheekbone
assist
Synonyms: 扶, 補, 傅

Readings

Go-on: ぶ (bu)^{←ぶ (bu, historical)}
Kan-on: ふ (fu)^{←ふ (fu, historical)}
Kan’yō-on: ほ (ho)
Kun: かまち (kamachi, 輔)、そえぎ (soegi, 輔)^{←そへぎ (sofegi, 輔, historical)}、すけ (suke, 輔)、たすけ (tasuke, 輔け)、たすける (tasukeru, 輔ける)
Nanori: すけ (suke)、たすく (tasuku)、たすけ (tasuke)、ゆう (yū)

Usage notes

In modern Japanese, 輔 is mostly replaced by 補, due to the deprecation of non-tōyō kanji caused by the Japanese script reform.

Japanese terms with 輔 replaced by daiyōji 補

補佐

補助

補導

Compounds

輔(ふ)佐(さ) (fusa)
輔(ほ)行(こう) (hokō)
輔(ほ)佐(さ) (hosa) (補(ほ)佐(さ))
輔(ほ)祭(さい) (hosai)
輔(ほ)賛(さん) (hosan)
輔(ほ)車(しゃ) (hosha)
輔(ほ)助(じょ) (hojo) (補(ほ)助(じょ))
輔(ほ)相(しょう) (hoshō)
輔(ほ)臣(しん) (hoshin)
輔(ほ)仁(じん) (hojin)
輔(ほ)成(せい) (hosei)
輔(ほ)導(どう) (hodō) (補(ほ)導(どう))
輔(ほ)弼(ひつ) (hohitsu) (補(ほ)弼(ひつ))
輔(ほ)払(ひつ) (hohitsu)
輔(ほ)翼(よく), 輔(ほ)翊(よく) (hoyoku) (補(ほ)翼(よく))
畿(き)輔(ほ) (kiho)
匡(きょう)輔(ほ) (kyōho)
夾(きょう)輔(ほ), 挟(きょう)輔(ほ) (kyōho)
頰(きょう)輔(ほ) (kyōho)
卿(けい)輔(ほ) (keiho)
賢(けん)輔(ぽ) (kenpo)
宰(さい)輔(ほ) (saiho)
三(さん)輔(ぽ) (sanpo)
師(し)輔(ほ) (shiho)
台(たい)輔(ほ) (taiho)
鼎(てい)輔(ほ) (teiho)
藩(はん)輔(ぽ) (hanpo)
右(ゆう)輔(ほ) (yūho)
靨(よう)輔(ほ) (yōho)
翼(よく)輔(ほ) (yokuho)
良(りょう)輔(ほ) (ryōho)

Korean

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

Pronunciation

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [po̞]
Phonetic hangul: [보]

Hanja

Wikisource

輔 (eum 보 (bo))

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

輔: Hán Nôm readings: phụ

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.