葡

葡	U+8461, 葡 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8461

← 葠
[U+8460]

CJK Unified Ideographs

葢 →
[U+8462]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

葡 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+9, 15 strokes, cangjie input 廿心戈月 (TPIB), four-corner 4422₇, composition ⿱艹匍)

Derived characters

𠏆, 𡢼, 𫾎, 𱙳, 𩍘, 𢣋

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 1045, character 20
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 31430
Dae Jaweon: page 1506, character 13
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3253, character 6
Unihan data for U+8461

Chinese

trad.		葡
simp. ^#		葡

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (甫) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
豧	pʰoːs, pʰa, *pʰas
縛	baːɡs, baɡ
逋	*paː
餔	paː, baːs
晡	*paː
庯	*paː
陠	paː, pʰaː
鵏	paː, baːs
峬	*paː
誧	paː, pʰaː, pʰaːʔ, pʰaːs
秿	paː, pʰa, *baʔ
鯆	paː, pʰaː, *paʔ
補	*paːʔ
圃	paːʔ, paːs
鋪	pʰaː, pʰaːs, *pʰa
痡	pʰaː, pʰa
浦	*pʰaːʔ
烳	*pʰaːʔ
溥	pʰaːʔ, paːɡ
悑	*pʰaːs
酺	*baː
匍	*baː
蜅	baː, paʔ
脯	baː, paʔ
葡	*baː
蒱	*baː
蒲	*baː
簿	baːʔ, baːɡ
捕	*baːs
哺	*baːs
簠	pa, paʔ, *pʰas
甫	*paʔ
黼	*paʔ
莆	*paʔ
俌	paʔ, pʰaʔ
郙	paʔ, pʰa
傅	*paɡs
搏	paɡs, paːɡ, *pʰaːɡ
麱	*pʰa
尃	*pʰa
榑	*ba
輔	*baʔ
鬴	*baʔ
賻	*baɡs
博	*paːɡ
髆	*paːɡ
鎛	*paːɡ
猼	*paːɡ
餺	*paːɡ
簙	*paːɡ
鑮	paːɡ, baːɡ
欂	paːɡ, baɡ, *breːɡ
蒪	*pʰaːɡ
膊	*pʰaːɡ
薄	*baːɡ
礡	*baːɡ

Considered a 後起字／后起字 (hòuqǐzì). Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *baː): semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 匍 (OC *baː). However, when it means "grape", there is a reference to a man crawling over a sprout growing in a field (田), hence there is a reference to plants and agriculture.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): pú (pu²)

(Zhuyin): ㄆㄨˊ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): pu²
Cantonese (Jyutping): pou⁴
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): phù

(Hailu, HRS): pu
Eastern Min (BUC): buò
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): bu²
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): pô͘ / phû / phô / phô͘
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶bu; ⁸beq

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: pú
  - Zhuyin: ㄆㄨˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: pú
  - Wade–Giles: pʻu²
  - Yale: pú
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: pwu
  - Palladius: пу (pu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰu³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: pu²
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: pu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰu²¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: pou⁴
  - Yale: pòuh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: pou⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: pou⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰou̯²¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: phù
  - Hakka Romanization System: pu^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: pu²
  - Sinological IPA: /pʰu¹¹/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: pu
  - Sinological IPA: /pʰu⁵⁵/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: buò
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /puo⁵³/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: bu²
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: bú
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pu¹³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: bu²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pu²⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pô͘
  - Tâi-lô: pôo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: poo
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Taipei, Xiamen): /pɔ²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /pɔ²³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /pɔ¹³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phû
  - Tâi-lô: phû
  - Phofsit Daibuun: phuu
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /pʰu²³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Taipei, Xiamen): /pʰu²⁴/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phô
  - Tâi-lô: phô
  - Phofsit Daibuun: phooi
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /pʰɤ²³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /pʰo¹³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /pʰo²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phô͘
  - Tâi-lô: phôo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: phoo
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /pʰɔ¹³/

Note:

pô͘ - literary;
phû/phô/phô͘ - vernacular.

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁶bu; ⁸beq
  - MiniDict: bu^去; beh^入
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³bu; ⁵beq
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /bu²³/, /bəʔ¹²/

Middle Chinese: bu

Rime
Character	葡
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	並 (3)
Final (韻)	模 (23)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	薄胡切
Baxter	bu
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/buo/
Pan Wuyun	/buo/
Shao Rongfen	/bo/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/bɔ/
Li Rong	/bo/
Wang Li	/bu/
Bernhard Karlgren	/bʱuo/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	pú
Expected Cantonese Reflex	pou⁴

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*baː/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	葡
Reading #	1/1
No.	3439
Phonetic component	甫
Rime group	魚
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	酺
Old Chinese	/*baː/
Notes	古作蒲，今分化字

Definitions

葡

used in 葡萄 (pútáo, “grape”) and related terms
short for 葡萄牙 (Pútáoyá, “Portugal”)
葡政府 ― pú zhèngfǔ ― Portuguese government

訪葡／访葡 ― fǎng pú ― (formal) to visit Portugal
1. (chiefly Cantonese, by extension, in compounds) Macau
  葡幣／葡币 [Cantonese] ― pou⁴ bai⁶ [Jyutping] ― Macanese pataca
  
  葡汁 [Cantonese] ― pou⁴ zap¹ [Jyutping] ― Portuguese sauce (a kind of sauce in Macanese cuisine)

Synonyms

(Portugal):

edit

博都雅 (Bódūyǎ) (historical)
大西洋國 / 大西洋国 (Dàxīyáng Guó) (historical)
波爾杜瓦爾 / 波尔杜瓦尔 (historical)
葡國 / 葡国 (Púguó) (short form)
葡萄亞 / 葡萄亚 (historical)
葡萄牙 (Pútáoyá)
蒲都麗家 / 蒲都丽家 (historical)
蒲麗都家 / 蒲丽都家 (historical)
西洋國 / 西洋国 (historical)

(Macau): 澳門／澳门 (Àomén); (obsolete) 濠鏡澳／濠镜澳 (Háojìng'ào), 濠鏡／濠镜 (Háojìng)

Dialectal synonyms of 澳門 (“Macau”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		澳門, 濠江 literary
Northeastern Mandarin	Taiwan	澳門
Northeastern Mandarin	Singapore	澳門
Cantonese	Guangzhou	梳打埠
	Hong Kong	澳門, 馬交, 梳打埠
	Macau	澳門, 澳門街
	Taishan	澳門
Southern Min	Tainan	澳門
Wu	Shanghai	澳門

Compounds

山葡萄 (shānpútáo)
新葡 (xīnpú)
海葡萄 (hǎipútáo)
瑣瑣葡萄 / 琐琐葡萄
癩葡萄 / 癞葡萄
紅葡萄藤 / 红葡萄藤
綠葡萄 / 绿葡萄
葡京 (Pújīng)
葡國 / 葡国 (Púguó)
葡幣 / 葡币 (Púbì)
葡提子
葡撻 / 葡挞 (pútà)
葡文 (púwén)
葡桃 (pútáo)
葡汁 (púzhī)
葡萄 (pútáo)
葡萄乾 / 葡萄干 (pútáogān)
葡萄宮 / 葡萄宫
葡萄柚 (pútáoyòu)
葡萄架
葡萄深碧
葡萄灰
葡萄炸彈 / 葡萄炸弹
葡萄牙 (Pútáoyá)
葡萄球菌 (pútáo qiújūn)
葡萄糖 (pútáotáng)
葡萄紫
葡萄綠 / 葡萄绿
葡萄胎 (pútáotāi)
葡萄褐
葡萄酒 (pútáojiǔ)
葡語 / 葡语 (púyǔ)
野葡萄

Japanese

Kanji

葡

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

Readings

Go-on: ぶ (bu)
Kan-on: ほ (ho)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
葡
ぽ Jinmeiyō
irregular

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [po̞]

Affix

葡(ポ) • (po)

short for ポルトガル／葡萄牙 (“Portugal (a country in Europe)”)

Korean

Hanja

葡 (eum 포 (po))

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

葡: Hán Nôm readings: bồ

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.